Passage 3

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:��

　　Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism / evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to　explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two　equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.��

　　The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.��

　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least　a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust　jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does and all would be well were reason the only judge in the　creationism I evolution debate.��

　　31.More than twenty books ____.��

　　A) are intended to support creationism��

　　B) are intended to attack Kitcher��

　　C) are written in a style of clarity and effectiveness��

　　D) include Kitcher’s hook��

　　32.“Creationism” in the passage refers to ______.��

　　A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe��

　　B) a notion of the creation of religion��

　　C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation��

　　D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe��

　　33.Kitcher’s book is intended to ______.��

　　A) recommend the views of the evolutionistsB) expose the true features of creationists��

　　C) curse bitterly at his opponentsD) launch a surprise attack on creationists��

　　34.From the passage we can infer that ______.��

　　A) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate��

　　B) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning��

　　C) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists��

　　D) creationism is supported by scientific findings��

　　35.This passage appears to be a digest of ______.��

　　A) a book review B) a scientific paper��

　　C) a magazine feature D) a newspaper editorial

　　Passage 4��

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:��

　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of　arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death

　　NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long，because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”��

　　The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Illlaw has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sights of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the hill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to　consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.��

　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must　be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of　seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from h　is breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,　but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the　hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.��

　　36.Which of the following has the similar meaning to the sentence “But the tide is unlikely to turn hack”?��

　　A) US and some other countries are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.��

　　B) It is impossible to pass the bill.��

　　C) Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.��

　　D) The fact that the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has been passed　probably can’t be changed.��

　　37.From the second paragraph we learn that ______.��

　　A) the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries��

　　B) physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia��

　　C) changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law��

　　D) it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage��

　　38.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to　start falling, he means ______.��

　　A) observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia

　　B) similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries��

　　C) observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes��

　　D) the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop

　　39.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ______.��

　　A) face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia B) experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient��

　　C) have an intense fear of terrible suffering D) undergo a cooling off period of seven days��

　　40.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ______.��

　　A) opposition B) suspicion C) approval D) doubt ��

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