英語四六級(jí)考試語法備考指導(dǎo)：名詞性從句

　　一、賓語從句 (Object Clause)

　　賓語從句為肯定句(由that 引導(dǎo))，在口語中that常省略。

　　(1)當(dāng)主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. (從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

　　She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. (從句是一般將來時(shí))

　　She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. (從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

　　(2)當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. (從句是一般過去時(shí))

　　He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. (從句是過去將來時(shí))

　　He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. (從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí))

　　注意：當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實(shí))時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

　　老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。

　　He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多。

　　賓語部分為一般疑問句(由whether引導(dǎo))

　　“Can you help me?” He asked.

　　He asked whether (if) I could help him.

　　She asked, “Will Lao Li come to my birthday party?”

　　She asked whether (if) Lao Li would come to her birthday party.

　　注意：在將一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變成賓語從句時(shí)，一定要注意陳述句語序。

　　改寫句子

　　1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us?

　　→Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?

　　2.“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.

　　→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.

　　3.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.

　　→Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.

　　賓語部分為特殊疑問句

　　Goals determine what you are going to be.

　　Be absolutely determined to enjoy what you are doing.

　　He wants to know what our plan is for the National Day.

　　Mr. Li asks how he can go to the Beijing Railway Station.

　　The student can read whichever book he likes to read.

　　I want to know when the train leaves.

　　二、同位語從句(Appositive Clause)

　　在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一。

　　(一)同位語從句在句中的位置

　　1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如answer, appeal, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, proposal, question, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, thought, news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message, understanding, truth等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。例如：

　　<1> The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.

　　<2> I‘ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

　　2. 有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：

　　The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

　　The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.