2010年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試常用語法精選(7)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式可以用來作定語, 賓語補(bǔ)足語, 狀語及用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.

　　This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.

　　You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.

　　Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.

　　These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.

　　完成被動(dòng)式: 如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式.

　　I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.

　　但在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用這一形式, 而用一般被動(dòng)形式代替, 以免句子顯得累贅.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式一般用來作狀語或用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.

　　Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

　　The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.

　　All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.

　　句法功用

　　作主語:

　　Walking is good exercise.

　　It’s nice talking to you.

　　There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.

　　作賓語:

　　Your shoes need polishing.

　　You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.

　　He avoided giving us a definite answer.

　　作介詞賓語: 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語用的時(shí)候最多. 它�？梢杂迷谀承┏烧Z后面, 常見的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect…of, accuse…of, charge…with, hear of, approve of, prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get (be) used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.

　　作表語:

　　The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.

　　動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語. 一般說來, 在表示抽象的一般的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞; 在表示具體某詞動(dòng)作, 特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí), 多用不定式.

　　作賓語補(bǔ)足語: 分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語.

　　The words immediately set us all laughing.

　　Once we caught him dozing off in class.

　　His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.

　　在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等動(dòng)詞后, 及可用現(xiàn)在分詞, 也可用不定式構(gòu)成賓語補(bǔ)足語. 用現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí), 表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生, 用不定式時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了.

　　Do you hear someone knocking at the door?

　　Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.

　　作狀語: 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí), 通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作, 來對(duì)謂語表示的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎椈蜃鳛榕阋r.

　　I ran out of the house shouting.

　　I got home, feeling very tired.

　　Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語有時(shí)可以用作狀語表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句.

　　Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

　　Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.

　　Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.