2010年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽力指導(dǎo)：關(guān)鍵考法思路

　　二、四六級(jí)段落題中常見的重要信息提示語(yǔ)

　　聽者在聽音過程中要積極思維、快速反應(yīng)，特別要注意表示句與句之間關(guān)系的信息提示語(yǔ)，并借此發(fā)現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定重要信息。聽者要想從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握篇章，就要順著指示語(yǔ)預(yù)期何時(shí)可能開始談?wù)撘粋�(gè)話題、何時(shí)出現(xiàn)講述的重點(diǎn)以及何時(shí)可能轉(zhuǎn)換話題，請(qǐng)注意以下的信息提示語(yǔ)。

　　1. 數(shù)字信息及相關(guān)事實(shí)

　　【普通數(shù)字、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比、價(jià)格、比率、年代、時(shí)刻】

　　□ The earth’s crust is divided into seven sections.

　　□ There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.

　　□ A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.

　　□ Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.

　　□ “I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.

　　□ Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.

　　□ Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.

　　2. 因果關(guān)系提示語(yǔ)(原因?yàn)榭疾辄c(diǎn))

　　【因?yàn)�，由于�?歸因于(原因在后)】

　　□as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…，thanks to…，attribute…to…

　　【導(dǎo)致，引起，成為…原因(原因在前)】

　　□…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…

　　【因此，所以(原因在前)】

　　□…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…

　　3. 觀點(diǎn)提出及列舉

　　【觀點(diǎn)論題的提出】

　　□ Today, I"m going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……

　　□ My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……

　　□ The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……

　　□ Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……

　　□ When it comes to……

　　【話題的另外一個(gè)方面或反面】

　　□ Another point I want to mention is ……

　　□ In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…

　　□ On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in ...

　　【列舉話題的各個(gè)方面】

　　□ First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……

　　□ To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally…...

　　□ In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way…...

　　□ Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least…...

　　□ On the one hand… ... On the other hand…...

　　□ For one thing…... For another…...

　　【話題結(jié)束的總結(jié)語(yǔ)】

　　□In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……

　　4. 論說文主題關(guān)鍵詞

　　【名詞】

　　□The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……

　　【動(dòng)詞】

　　□point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean

　　【形容詞(所有形容詞的最高級(jí)形式)】

　　□important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare

　　【其它特殊表達(dá)方式】

　　□the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact

　　三、段落理解題的題目設(shè)置規(guī)律

　　○段首句開門見山引出主題或故事發(fā)生環(huán)境，往往設(shè)置為考點(diǎn)

　　○因果關(guān)系中的原因是必考內(nèi)容，不管直接或間接提到的原因都會(huì)用why來(lái)提問

　　○形容詞副詞最高級(jí)形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點(diǎn)，如：the most important reason is……; their biggest trouble was……; he worked most efficiently when ……

　　○故事題中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞，人物所說的一句意味深長(zhǎng)的話需要找到同義解釋

　　○說明文中的數(shù)字年代和概念往往需要在選項(xiàng)中重新定位

　　○人物題中的重要年代及相關(guān)歷史事件需要重新搭配定位，不做記錄容易混淆

　　○議論文中有時(shí)自問自答，問題將成為考題，回答內(nèi)容即正確選項(xiàng)

　　○議論文中只要出現(xiàn)I think……, I believe it’s true that……, In my opinion……等表達(dá)，就會(huì)重新問及speaker的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度; 沒有這些表達(dá)則段首句是其觀點(diǎn)。