教你寫作文：四六級(jí)作文的開頭、正文、結(jié)尾

英語(yǔ)作文的文章的開頭

　　一篇文章通常可分為三個(gè)部分，即開頭、正文和結(jié)尾。這三個(gè)部分安排是否得體，直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。

　　文章的開頭一般來說應(yīng)盡量做到開門見山，用簡(jiǎn)單明白的敘述引出文章的話題，使讀者了解文章要談?wù)撌裁矗�一下于引起讀者的興趣。

作文常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種：

1．開門見山，揭示主題
文章一開頭，，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開頭是：

I Spent my last vacation happily．

下面是題為"Honesty"(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開頭：

Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people．

2．交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開頭
在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的開頭：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回憶性的開頭

用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的開頭是：

I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

4．概括性的開頭
即對(duì)要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(讀書的快樂)的開頭：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5．介紹環(huán)境式的開頭
即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開頭是:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6．交待寫作目的的開頭。
在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表?yè)P(yáng)誰，批評(píng)誰，或說明一個(gè)什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的開頭：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

英語(yǔ)作文的文章的正文

　　文章的正文是由若干段落組成的，段落通常由幾個(gè)或者更多的句子組成，有時(shí)候一個(gè)句子也能成段。

　　文章的正文應(yīng)以文章的開頭為線索，具體地?cái)⑹�、說明或論證文章的主題。文章不論長(zhǎng)短，每個(gè)段落都必須為主題服務(wù)。像說明文和議論文這一類的文章，一個(gè)主題還常分成幾個(gè)小主題，每個(gè)小主題要用一個(gè)段落處理，另起一段時(shí)，應(yīng)是一層新的意思。每一段的開頭，要放一個(gè)表示段落小主題的主題句，這樣可使文章條理化，易于閱讀，便于讀者抓住主題。段內(nèi)的所有句子應(yīng)圍繞主題句的意義加以闡述或論證，為中心思想服務(wù)。句子之間應(yīng)銜結(jié)自然，有條不紊，而且還要合乎邏輯，段落中不能出現(xiàn)任何與主題無關(guān)的句子；英語(yǔ)寫作比較重視主題句的作用，缺少它段落意義就會(huì)含糊不清。主題句也可放在段落的中間和末尾等部位，但對(duì)初學(xué)者來說，以放在段首為好。見下列這篇題為"How to Be a Good Student" (怎樣做個(gè)好學(xué)生)的文章：

　　We students are the builders and masters of the country. It is important for us to know how to be a good student.

　　A good student, I think, should be diligent in his studies. The more he studies, the more he will increase his knowledge. Without enough knowledge, we cannot make great contributions to the modernization of our country.

　　To take care of one's own body is another important thing for good student to do. Anyone, who hasn't got a strong body, can do nothing for his country, even if he has much knowledge. There was a man, who, when he was student, studied hard but neglected his health. No sooner did he come to serve the country than he died of poor health. From this we may see that to have a strong body is really very important for a student.

　　Lastly, to cultivate one's own virtue is most important. Virtue is the essence
of a noble and good character. It will greatly help one to be useful and his country heart and soul. When learned people go astray, they do more harm than good to society. We should draw lessons from this.