2009年12月大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試語法精要(四)

　　5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。

　　He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)

　　He loves his daughter very much. (正)

　　I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)

　　I regret to say we cannot come. (正)

　　3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

　　時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses)，指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

　　如果主句里的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí))，那么從句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語和賓語從句中，但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。

　　--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí))

　　--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))

　　--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來完成時(shí))

　　雖然主句用了過去時(shí)等，如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.

　　--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.

　　如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過去時(shí)間的狀語，就不必把一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。

　　--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.