2009年12月大學(xué)英語四六級考試語法精要(七)

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　　1.　常考的幾種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1) 當(dāng)表示否定或基本否定的詞或詞組位于句首作狀語時用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有：never, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, not only, by no means, in no time, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way, in no case, at no time, on no account等。

　　Never have I heard it before.

　　Nowhere can I find my lost watch.

　　Under no circumstance should a student cheat in the exam.

　　Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet.

　　Note: 當(dāng) “no sooner … than”和“hardly/scarcely … when/before”位于句首時用倒裝。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“一…就…”，在時態(tài)上主句一般用過去完成時，when或than引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時。

　　Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when/before the bell rang.

　　No sooner had the performance begun than the lights went out.

　　2) 當(dāng)here, there, then, thus, only, hence, little等副詞位于句首，句中主、謂用倒裝。

　　Here is the book for you.

　　There goes the bell.

　　Then came the order to take off.

　　Thus arose the division between the developed and developing countries.