代 詞

　　2014年成人高考專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)詞匯知識(shí)梳理匯總

　　包括

　　人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。

　　一、人稱(chēng)代詞

　　人稱(chēng)代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱(chēng)和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓

　　語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱(chēng)代詞：

　　在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：

　　Liping and I are in charge of the work.

　　My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.

　　二、物主代詞

　　物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(接在of 后面)。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞：

　　名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：

　　My bag is yellow， his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.

　　三、反身代詞

　　反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：

　　Please help yourself to some tea.(賓語(yǔ))

　　The boy is too young to look after himself.(賓語(yǔ))

　　I'll be myself again in no time.(表語(yǔ))

　　The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語(yǔ))

　　四、指示代詞

　　指示代詞包括this， that， these， those 和such， 在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等(such不作賓語(yǔ))。

　　that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如：

　　These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)

　　The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量

　　The best wine is that from France.

　　My room is lighter than the one next door.

　　I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.

　　The film is more funny than that one.

　　that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：

　　They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble.

　　She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent.

　　What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English.

　　this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如：

　　I don't want that much.

　　The book is about this thick.

　　五。疑問(wèn)代詞

　　疑問(wèn)代詞包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：

　　Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one? (賓語(yǔ))

　　What's your sister?(表語(yǔ))

　　The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句)

　　The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句)

　　I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)

　　疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如：

　　Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人?

　　I'll say whatever comes into my head.

　　Take whichever book you like.

　　六。不定代詞

　　不定代詞包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

　　(一)both， either， neither

　　both 表示“兩者(都)”，either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個(gè)”，neither表示“(兩者之中)沒(méi)有一個(gè)”。三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。

　　My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事)

　　Neither of the answers is right.

　　Either of the books belongs to you.

　　You and I are both to blame.

　　You both agreed to stay.

　　Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。

　　(二)all， none， no， one

　　all和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表示“全部都”和“一個(gè)都沒(méi)有”，none往往與of連用。

　　All of us are fond of sports. (be fond of 愛(ài)好)

　　We are all for him. (be for sb 支持某人)

　　Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(諺)

　　None of them know how to read and write.

　　None of them has had that kind of experience.

　　no表示“沒(méi)有”，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于not a 或not any，not否定動(dòng)詞，no否定名詞。

　　Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。(諺)

　　I'm no dancer. (I'm not a dancer.)

　　one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　Your answer is a good one.

　　I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.

　　(三)each， every

　　each 和every表示“每一個(gè)”，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。

　　The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手)

　　The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 節(jié)約)

　　From each according to his ability， to each according to his needs(work)。各盡所能，按需分配。

　　I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.

　　There is every possibility of our winning the game.

　　every 還常用在every little while (每隔一會(huì))，every other day， every three days(每隔兩天)，every ten miles(每隔十英里)， every now and then (不時(shí))，every four years， every other line， one out of every three students.

　　(四)few， a few， little， a little， many， much

　　few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。

　　Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。(諺)

　　Few words are best. 話少最好。(諺)

　　They don't take much interest in it.

　　I know little about it.

　　There's a little water left in the jar.

　　Few of them have been to India.

　　I've read a few books written by Dickens.

　　(五)other， the other， others， the others， another

　　Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America.

　　Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America.

　　The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.

　　The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.(so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 區(qū)分)

　　The task will be finished in another three days.

　　Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?

　　Please give me another example to illustrate your point.

　　七、it的用法

　　2.作句子的形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。

　　It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.

　　It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.

　　The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan.

　　I spent ten hours in finishing the work.

　　I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.

　　It is no use crying now. You'd better study hard now.(it is no use doing sth. )

　　To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.(to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇)

　　It's a pity that you didn't watch the match.

　　It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.

　　3.作句子的形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。

　　They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.

　　I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的)

　　We find it difficult to learn English without practicing.

　　I don't think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.(take part in 參加)

　　4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)，并且主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，句型中的that 也可以換作who.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is that…

　　It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.

　　It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.(not until 直到……才)

　　It was they who attended the meeting last week.

　　It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.

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