4、最重要的一點來了，正如我剛剛所說，寫摘要是一種壓縮的游戲，除了要壓縮原文之外，還需要壓縮句子，之于寫摘要，壓縮句子才是主要矛盾，具體有以下幾點需要掌握：

　　a.將要摘寫的句子翻成漢語，當然只翻譯自己認識的部分，然后在漢語的層面上進行改寫和語句壓縮(這一點應(yīng)該不難)，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換成英語，轉(zhuǎn)換回英語的時候完全可以參照原文句式，保證不犯錯，如：

　　he was in financial difficulties and was being pressed by his creditor

　　可以改為：he had a problem because of the lack of money

　　John fell into the river and，before help could reach him， he sank.

　　可以改為：John was drowned in the river

　　b.用短語取代原文中的長句并且刪除長句中的從句和附屬成分

　　Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai，Lushan Mountain，and Huangshan Mountain，were visited by only a few people in the past. Today，better wages，holidays with pay，new hotels on those mountains，and better train and bus services，have bought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.可以改為：with the development of society，more and more people are visiting beautiful mountains like Mount Tai.

　　C.多用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語

　　She brought home several Chinese and English novels，a few copies of Times and Newsweek，and some text books.She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.

　　可以改為：She brought home books and magazines to read during the vacation.

　　下面我用一片范文舉例，各位找一找感覺，時間關(guān)系，我就不一個一個字打上去了，這篇文章是我在網(wǎng)上找的，還能用就直接復(fù)制過來了

　　將下面這篇約500詞的原文按要求寫成約150詞的摘要。

　　原文

　　How New York Became America?s Largest City

　　In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained?

　　To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography， history，and economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of America?s most famous city.

　　The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States， and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

　　Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance.

　　About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe?s canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.