全力直擊英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式

1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2) 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：

3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。

注意

在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.

4) would rather，had better：

5) Why… / why not…：

6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：

7) but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：

9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.　他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例題

1)I usually go there by train.　

Why not ___ by boat for a change?　

A. to try going　 B.　trying to go　 C.　to try and go　 D.　try going　　D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。

2) Paul doesn‘t have to be made ___. He always works hard.　

A. learn　 B. to learn　 C. learned　 D. learning B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…　 

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。

典型例題

1) Tell him ___ the window.　

A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut　 D. not shut　B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.

2)　She pretended ___ me when I passed by.　

A.　not to see　 B. not seeing　　C. to not see　 D.　having not seen　 A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。

3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive　 B. to never driver　C. never driving　 D. never drive　A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.　

A. not to　　B. not to do　　C. not do it   D. do not to A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no　 B. eating not　 C. not to eat　D. not eatingC。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。

不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1) too…to　 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak. 他太激動(dòng)了，說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。

Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔��?

Well, I‘m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.　不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。

2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。

It‘s never too late to mend.　(諺語(yǔ))　改過(guò)不嫌晚。

3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I‘m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

不定式的特殊句型so as to

1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.　湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.  輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。

2) so kind as to -勞駕

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。

不定式的特殊句型Why not

"Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?"

例如：Why not take a holiday?　干嗎不去度假?

不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I‘ll see you again.　我希望再見到你。

2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。

I‘m sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

動(dòng)名詞與不定式

1) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：

動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的

不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的

2) 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。

3) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同的有11 組

特殊詞精講

stop doing/to do

stop to do　停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing　停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette.　他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。

I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。

典型例題

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___　on a big rock by the side of the path.　

A. to have rested　B. resting　 C. to rest　D. restC。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。