初中英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞用法精析

　　一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，如

　　map → maps onion → onions baker → bakers

　　不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如

　　some water a lot of bread

　　二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞 a (an) ;而不可數(shù)名詞不能用 a (an) .如

　　Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher. 李紅是一名司機(jī)，我是一名教師。

　　We can‘t see milk on the table. 我們看不見(jiàn)桌上有牛奶。

　　[ 友情提醒 ] 在表示特指時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞 the .如

　　Pass me the ball， please. 請(qǐng)把球傳給我。

　　The chicken on the plate is yours. 盤(pán)子里的雞肉是你的。

　　三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用 many 等詞修飾。如

　　many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens

　　不可數(shù)名詞則要用 much 、 a little 等詞修飾。如

　　much meat a little breadlittle water

　　[ 友情提醒 ] 這兩類(lèi)名詞都可以被 some 、 any 、 a lot of (lost of) 等修飾。如： some eggs/ paper (紙)。

　　A lot of (lots of) knives / orange juice

　　四、可數(shù)名詞前通�？捎镁唧w的數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾。如

　　three women

　　ten babies

　　不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞 + 表示數(shù)量的名詞(可數(shù)名詞) + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”。如

　　two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶

　　five pieces of bread 五片面包

　　五、可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如

　　There is some rice in the bowl. 碗里有些米飯。

　　All the students are in the classroom. 所有的學(xué)生都在教室里。

　　[ 友情提醒 ] 如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如

　　There are two bags of rice in the room. 房間里有兩袋子大米。

　　六、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用 how many ;對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)要用 how much ，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)要用 how many .

　　如

　　I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall?

　　There is a lot of pork in the basket. → How much pork is there in the basket?

　　I want three glasses of water. → How many glasses of water do you want?

　　七、另外，有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)中詞，但不同的是，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如 people， police， family 等;而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如 clothes， glasses (眼鏡)等;有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如 Japanese， sheep， Chinese 等。如

　　The Chinese people are hardworking and brave. 中國(guó)人民勤勞勇敢。

　　The sports clothes are new. 這些運(yùn)動(dòng)服是新的。

　　I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 我有一只羊，他有三只羊。

　　最常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：advice, baggage, change(零錢(qián)), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic

　　2、其它不可數(shù)名詞還有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)