虛擬語(yǔ)氣1——在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，表示所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而只是一種假設(shè)，愿望，建議，懷疑，猜測(cè)或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的空想。

　　I.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常從句由連詞if 引導(dǎo)。

　　1．與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句

　　構(gòu)成

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句  主句

　　If +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式     主語(yǔ)+ would, should, could, might+原形動(dòng)詞(be的過(guò)去式用were)

　　例如

　　If I feared death, I wouldn’t be a communist. 怕死就不做共產(chǎn)黨員。

　　If there were no air, we couldn’t live. 如果沒(méi)有空氣，我們就不能生活。

　　Example:

　　I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

　　A. had known  

　　B. knew  

　　C. have known  

　　D. know

　　I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.

　　A. shall explain 

　　B. will explain 

　　C. would explain 

　　D. explain

　　2．與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句

　　構(gòu)成

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句  主句

　　If + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式 主語(yǔ) + would, should, could, might + have + 過(guò)去分詞

　　例如

　　If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

　　如果你早來(lái)幾分鐘，你就會(huì)碰上他。

　　If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.

　　如果試管中沒(méi)有空氣，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果就會(huì)更精確。

　　Example:

　　If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.

　　A. you would meet John already  

　　B. you won’t have missed John

　　C. you will have met John    

　　D. you would have met John

　　3．與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句

　　構(gòu)成

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句  主句　　

　　If + 主語(yǔ)+ should +原形動(dòng)詞  主語(yǔ) +  would, should, could, might

　　或were + 不定式 + 原形動(dòng)詞

　　例如

　　If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.假如他明天會(huì)來(lái)，事情就容易辦了。

　　If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.

　　如果沙子能被分解，它會(huì)釋放出大量的能量。

　　注：在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中，從句中的should有時(shí)可以省略。如

　　If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.

　　要是他來(lái)搞這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)，他可能用另外的方法設(shè)計(jì)。

　　Example:

　　If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would become an island.

　　A. will  

　　B. is  

　　C. was  

　　D. were

　　If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

　　A. are  

　　B. will be going  

　　C. must  

　　D. were

　　We might still catch the train if we ___.

　　A. make hurry  

　　B. haste  

　　C. make haste  

　　D. hastily

　　4．錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在一些含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中，如果主句與從句的謂語(yǔ)表示不同的時(shí)間，虛擬語(yǔ)氣可有不同形式，即主句與從句各自按自己的時(shí)間構(gòu)成虛擬形式。例如

　　If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他，我就能認(rèn)出他了。

　�。◤木浔硎九c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)事實(shí)相反）

　　If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我們的行車速度每小時(shí)100里，兩小時(shí)以前我們就會(huì)到達(dá)那里了。

　�。◤木渑c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）

　　Example:

　　If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be sleepy.

　　A. haven’t watched    

　　B. didn’t watch

　　C. hadn’t watched     

　　D. wouldn’t have watched

　　5． 省略連詞if

　　在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把連詞if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，構(gòu)成條件意義。例如

　　Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 萬(wàn)一明天下雨，你怎么辦？

　　Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是沒(méi)有摩擦力，我們就不能行走。

　　Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.

　　如果我們過(guò)去知道這種新方法，我們?cè)缇蛻?yīng)用了。

　　Example:

　　Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.

　　A. had not failed    

　　B. would not fail

　　C. could not be failed  

　　D. would not have failed

　　_______ today, he would get there by Friday.

　　A. Would he leave   

　　B. Was he leaving

　　C. Were he to leave   

　　D. If he leaves

　　______ difficulties, we would be successful.

　　A. Should we overcome  

　　B. Would we overcome

　　C. Might we overcome  

　　D. Could we overcome

　　6. 虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中省略主句或從句

　　虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中有時(shí)可省去主句或從句，并不影響意義的完整。

　　(1)省去條件從句

　　That would be fine. 那太好了。（省去了if you would come 或類似條件）

　　I wouldn’t pass up the chance to visit China. 我不會(huì)放棄訪問(wèn)中國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　We might have produced more coal. 我們可能生產(chǎn)出煤炭。

　　注：省略條件句，在試題中很少見(jiàn)到。

　　(2)省去主句，常用以表示愿望。從句謂語(yǔ)多用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

　　If only she were here. 假如她在這兒該多好啊！

　　If only he lived! 假如他活著該多好啊！

　　If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道這件事，那就好了。

　　Example:

　　If only it _____! but it is too late.

　　A. is avoided  

　　B. has avoided  

　　C. could be avoided  

　　D. can be avoided

　　If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!

　　A. is working  

　　B. worked  

　　C. works  

　　D. has worked