虛擬語氣5——虛擬語氣的其它表達(dá)形式

　　V. 虛擬語氣的其它表達(dá)形式

　　1．用介詞或介詞短語表示虛擬條件

　　常用的介詞或介詞短語主要有without（沒有），but for（要不是），in the absence of（如果沒有）或were it not for（要是沒有），but that（假設(shè)……不）等。例如

　　Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.

　　But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn’t live such a happy life.

　　In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.

　　Example:

　　Without gravity, we ______ able to walk.

　　a. were   b. should be   c. can be   d. should not be

　　Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars ______ shining at any time in the day.

　　a. be seen  b. can be seen  c. could be seen  d. could have been seen

　　2．用動詞不定式表示虛擬條件

　　It would be a shame to stop our work half-way.

　　It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.

　　如果要排成一寸長就需要大約一億二千五百萬個水分子。

　　Example:

　　It ______ better to think independently.

　　a. goes  b. looks   c. would be   d. shall be

　　3．  通過上下文表示虛擬條件

　　常用的連接詞有or, otherwise, but等。例如

　　I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.

　　The worn parts have been replaced at the proper time, or a damage might have happened.

　　磨損的部件及時更換了，否則就會發(fā)生破壞。

　　Example:

　　He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.

　　a. might go  b. should be gone   c. could have gone  d. ought have gone

　　The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.

　　a. would have been   b. would be   c. should be   d. had been

　　4．虛擬語氣用在...would(或had)rather（或would just as soon）+ 從句的句式中，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。從句謂語動詞要用過去式。例如

　　I would rather you stayed here.

　　I would rather that you didn’t do anything.

　　I’d just as soon you didn’t go there.

　　Example:

　　I’d just as soon ______ those important papers with you.

　　a. that you won’t take   b. your not taking   c. please don’t you take   d. you didn’t take

　　I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.

　　a. do   b. didn’t do   c. don’t   d. didn’t

　　5．虛擬語氣用在...had hoped that...句型中，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，意為“原本希望...”，從句謂語用would + 原形動詞。例如

　　I had hoped that she would answer my letter.

　　We had hoped that you would change your mind.

　　His father had hoped that he would be a scientist.

　　Example:

　　Tom’s father had hoped that he ______ into business with him.

　　a. would go   b. would have gone   c. went   d. had gone

　　6．虛擬語氣用在had better, had best, had rather, would sooner, would rather, would have句型

　　中，后接原形動詞。例如

　　You had better close the window.

　　I would rather stay at home.

　　You had best leave her alone.

　　Would you have me tell her a lie?

　　If you don’t mind, I’d rather not see the play.

　　I had rather put the books on the desk.

　　Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender.

　　Example:

　　I ______ do that if I were given the choice.

　　a. would rather not   b. rather not   c. do not rather   d. would not rather

　　“I haven’t felt well for a week.” “You ______ see a doctor.”

　　a. had ought to  b. had better  c. should have to   d. had rather

　　______ do it myself than try to persuade a stubborn fellow like you.

　　a. I’d rather   b. I’d better   c. I rather  d. I’d like

　　EXERCISE

　　a. read   b. reading  c. to read   d. have read

　　2.You were late again this morning. I think you had better ______ on time.

　　a.to start to be  b. start being  c. started being  d. to be

　　3.She ______ into the water but that I caught her.

　　a. would fall  b. would have fallen   c. has fallen   d. wouldn’t fall

　　4.He had hopped that his son _____ an engineer.

　　a. will be   b. be   c. is   d. would be

　　5.I would just as soon ______ those  heavy boxes with you.

　　a. that you won’t take  b. your not taking  c. please don’t you take  d. you didn’t take

　　6.I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I _____.

　　a. must have  b. may have   c. should have  d. shall have

　　7.______ your advice, I would never have got the job.

　　a. But for   b. As for   c. Apart from   d. Except for

　　8.With all this work on hand, he ______ TV last night.

　　a. mustn’t watch   b. shouldn’t have watched  c. wouldn’t watch  d. ought not to watch

　　9.He must have missed the train, or he ______ here then.

　　a. should be   b. would be   c. would have been  d. had to be

　　10.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ achieved.

　　a. must have been  b. could have been  c. should have   d. would not have been

　　11.I was in a hurry that day. Otherwise I ______ to talk to you.

　　a.had stopped  b. would have stopped  c. stopped  d. had to stop

　　12. “I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back to Chicago.”

　　“Yes. I’d hoped that I ______ have to go back again, but I do.”

　　a. don’t   b. won’t   c. hadn’t   d. wouldn’t

　　13.Better ______ the butcher than the doctor.

　　a. to pay  b. pay  c. paying   d. paid

　　14.I would have come sooner but I ______ that you were waiting.

　　a. didn’t know   b. hadn’t known   c. haven’t known   d. couldn’t have known

　　15.You had better ______ so many questions.

　　a. not to ask   b. ask not   c. not ask   d. not asking

　　16.“John wants to see you today.” “I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”

　　a. comes   b. came   c. has come   d. should come

　　17. Life today ______ very different without iron and steel.

　　a. would be   b. is not  c. will be   d. has been

　　18.It ______ wrong not to take this into consideration.

　　a. is said   b. will be   c. would be  d. can be

　　19.I would sooner not _____ here.

　　a.have waited  b. waiting  c. waited  d. wait

　　20.Time is running out. Hadn’t we better______?

　　a. got started  b. got start   c. get started  d. to get starting