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實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞的組合

 。╞)(乘車)來(lái)接

  I won’t have time to come to your house but I could pick you up at theend of your road.

  我會(huì)沒(méi)有時(shí)間到你家來(lái),但是我可以到你家馬路盡頭接你。

  The coach stops at the principal hotels to pick up tourists,but only if theyarrange this in advance.(pick tourists up/pick them up)

  大客車到各主要的旅館來(lái)接觀光者,但條件是必須事先安排好。

  The crew of the wrecked yacht were picked up by helicopter.

  失事的游艇上的船員們被直升機(jī)救起了。

 。╟)接收到無(wú)線電訊號(hào)

  Their SOS was picked up by another ship,which informed the lifeboatheadquarters.

  他們的呼救訊號(hào)被另一條船收到了,后者通知了救生艇總部。

  (d)以廉價(jià)購(gòu)得,不費(fèi)力地學(xué)會(huì)

  Sometimes you pick up wonderful bargains in these markets.

  在這些市場(chǎng)上你有時(shí)能買到很好的便宜貨。

  Children usually pick up foreign languages very quickly.

  兒童通常能很快地學(xué)會(huì)外語(yǔ)。

  point

  point out(tr) 指示,指給……看

  As we drove through the city the guide pointed out the most importantbuildings.(pointed the buildings out/pointed them out)

  我們乘車通過(guò)市區(qū)時(shí),導(dǎo)游把最重要的建筑物指給我們看。

  pull

  pull down(tr) 拆毀(指建筑物)

  Everywhere elegant old buildings are being pulled down and mediocremodern erections are being put up.(pull down houses/pull them down)

  到處都在拆毀美好的舊建筑,修建平庸的新建筑。

  pull off(tr) 搞成功(賓語(yǔ)常用it)

  Much to our surprise he pulled off the deal.(pulled it off)

  使我們很驚訝的是,他居然把這筆交易搞成功了。

  pull through(tr/intr) 病愈,使人病愈

  We thought she was going to die but her own will-power pulled herthrough.(tr)

  我們本以為她要死了,但是她自己的意志力幫助她活了過(guò)來(lái)。(及物動(dòng)詞)

  He is very ill but he’ll pull through if we look after him carefully.(intr)

  他病得很厲害,但是如果我們仔細(xì)照料他,他會(huì)病愈的。(不及物動(dòng)詞)

  pull up(intr) (車輛)停下

  A lay-by is a space at the side of a main road,where drivers can pull up ifthey want a rest.

  路邊停車處是干道沿線供想休息的司機(jī)停車的地方。

  put

  put aside/by(tr) 保留以供將來(lái)使用(常指錢,而且前者常指為了某種目的而把錢存起來(lái))

  He puts aside £50 a month to pay for his summer holiday.(puts itaside)

  他每個(gè)月省下50鎊存著,以備暑假用。

  Don’t spend all your salary.Try to put something by each month.

  別把薪水都花了。盡量每個(gè)月存下一點(diǎn)。

  put away(tr) 整齊地收好(如放在抽屜或柜櫥里)

  Put your toys away,children;it’s bedtime.(put away the toys/putthem away)

  孩子們,把玩具放好;該去睡了。

  put something back 放回原處,放到該放的地方

  When you’ve finished with the book put it back on the shelf.

  你看完這本書后,把它放回書架上。

  put back a clock/watch 把時(shí)針往回?fù)埽ㄓ袝r(shí)是一種比喻,指恢復(fù)過(guò)去的習(xí)俗)

  Mother:Your father and I will arrange a marriage for youwhen the time comes.

  母親:到了時(shí)候,你爸爸和我會(huì)給你安排婚事的。

  Daughter:You’re trying to put the clock back,mother.Parents don’tarrange marriages these days。╬ut back the clock/put it back)

  女兒:媽媽,你是想恢復(fù)過(guò)去的那一套。眼下當(dāng)父母的不再為兒女安排婚事了!

  put down(tr)

 。╝)放下(pick up的反義詞)

  He picked up the saucepan and put it down at once because the handlewas almost red-hot.(put the saucepan down/put it down)

  他拿起了鍋,馬上又把它放下了,因?yàn)殄伇畈欢喽紵t了。

 。╞)鎮(zhèn)壓起義,平息一次運(yùn)動(dòng)

  Troops were used to put down the rebellion.(put the rebellion down/putit down)

  動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)鎮(zhèn)壓起義。

 。╟)寫下來(lái)

  Put down his phone number before you forget it.(put the number down/put it down)

  把他的電話號(hào)碼寫下來(lái),別等忘了。

  Customer(to shop assistant):I’ll take that one.Please put it down to me/to my account.

  顧客(對(duì)店員):我買那一個(gè)。請(qǐng)記在我的賬上。

  put something down to(tr) 認(rèn)為是由于……

  The children wouldn’t answer him,but he wasn’t annoyed as he put itdown to shyness.

  孩子們不肯回答,但是他不惱,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這是因?yàn)楹⒆觽兒π摺?P>  She hasn’t been well since she came to this country;I put it down to theclimate.

  自從來(lái)到這個(gè)國(guó)家以后她一直身體不好。我認(rèn)為是由于氣候的緣故。

  put forward a suggestion/proposal etc.提出建議等

  The older members of the committee are inclined to veto any suggestions put forward by the younger ones.(put a suggestion forward/put it for-ward)

  委員會(huì)的老成員們趨向于否決年輕成員們提出的任何建議。

  put forward/on clocks and watches 把鐘表往前撥(put for-ward是put back的反義詞)

  In March people in England put their clocks forwad/on an hour.Whensummer time ends they put them back an hour.

  英國(guó)人在3月份把時(shí)針向前撥一小時(shí)。夏時(shí)制結(jié)束時(shí)他們又把時(shí)針撥回一小時(shí)。

  put in a claim 提出權(quán)利要求

  He put in a claim for compensation because he had lost his luggage in the train crash.

  因?yàn)樗诨疖囎曹囀鹿手衼G失了行李,他提出了賠償損失的要求。

  put in for a job/a post 求職

  They are looking for a lecturer in geography.Why don’t you put in forit?

  他們?cè)谡髌敢晃坏乩碇v師。你為什么不去求職?

  put off an action 推遲某種行動(dòng)

  Some people put off making their wills till it is too late.

  有些人推遲立遺囑的事,后來(lái)就來(lái)不及了。

  I’ll put off my visit to Scotland till the weather is warmer.(put my visitoff/put it off)

  我要把到蘇格蘭去訪問(wèn)的事推遲到天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖以后。

  put a person off

 。╝)告訴某人推遲來(lái)訪

  I had invited some guests to dinner but I had to put them off because apower cut prevented me from cooking anything.

  我本來(lái)邀請(qǐng)一些客人來(lái)吃飯,但是不得不告訴他們先別來(lái)了,因?yàn)橥k娛刮覠o(wú)法做菜。

 。╞)拒絕或推阻某人

  I wanted to see the exhibition but the queue put me off.

  我本想去看展覽會(huì),但是排隊(duì)的人太多,使我不想看了。

  Many people who want to come to England are put off by the stories theyhear about English weather.

  許多想游覽英國(guó)的人因?yàn)槁?tīng)說(shuō)英國(guó)天氣不好就不來(lái)了。

  put on a light/gas or electric fire/radio 打開(kāi)(電燈/煤氣灶或電氣灶/收音機(jī))

  Put on the light.(put the light on/put it on)

  打開(kāi)燈。

  put on a play 上演一出戲

  The students usually put on a play at the end of the year.

  學(xué)生們一般都在年終上演一出戲。

  put on an expression 做出某種表情

  He put on an air of indifference,which didn’t deceive anybody for a mo-ment.

  他裝出漠不關(guān)心的樣子,這一點(diǎn)也騙不了任何人。

  put on clothes/glasses/jewellery 穿,戴(反義詞是take off)

  He put on a black coat so that he would be inconspicuous.(put a coaton/put it on)

  他穿了一件黑外套,為了讓自己不顯眼。

  She put on her glasses and took the letter from my hand.

  她戴上了眼鏡,拿過(guò)我手里的信。

  put out any kind of light or fire 熄滅(燈或火)

  Put out that light.(put the light out/put it out)

  把那燈關(guān)了。

  put someone out 使某人不便

  He is very selfish.He wouldn’t put himself out for anyone.

  他很自私。他絕不會(huì)為任何人出點(diǎn)力。

  be put out 感到不快

  She was very put out when I said that her new summer dress didn’t suither.

  我告訴她那件新的夏裝不適合她時(shí),她非常不高興。

  put up(tr)

 。╝)建起(房屋、紀(jì)念物、雕像等)

  He put up a shed in the garden.(put a shed up/put it up)

  他在花園里蓋了一個(gè)棚子。

 。╞)提價(jià)

  When the importation of foreign tomatoes was forbidden,home growersput up their prices.(put their prices up/put them up)

  禁止進(jìn)口外國(guó)的西紅柿以后,國(guó)內(nèi)種西紅柿的人就提高價(jià)錢了。

  put someone up(賓語(yǔ)常位于up之前) 暫時(shí)留某人住下

  If you come to Paris I will put you up.You needn’t look for a hotel.

  如果你到巴黎來(lái),可以住在我那兒。你不必去找旅館了。

  put someone up to something(常指某種詭計(jì))慫恿某人去做某事,告訴某人如何做某事

  He couldn’t have thought of that trick by himself.Someone must haveput him up to it.

  他自己是想不出那個(gè)計(jì)謀的。一定是有人教他這么做的。

  put up with(tr) 容忍

  We had to put up with a lot of noise when the children were at home.

  我們不得不忍受孩子們?cè)诩視r(shí)的吵鬧。

  ring

  ring off(intr) 掛斷電話

  He rang off before I could ask his name.

  沒(méi)等我問(wèn)他的名字,他就把電話掛斷了。

  ring up(tr/intr) 打電話給某人

  I rang up the theatre to book seats for tonight.(rang the theatre up/rangthem up)

  我給劇院打了電話,預(yù)購(gòu)今晚的票。

  If you can’t come ring up and let me know.

  你要是來(lái)不了,請(qǐng)打電話讓我知道一聲。

  round

  round up(tr)(把人或動(dòng)物)攆到一起

  The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.

  牧羊犬把羊攆到了一起,把它們趕過(guò)柵門。

  On the day after the riots the police rounded up all suspects/rounded them up.

  暴亂后的那一天,警方把嫌疑者都抓起來(lái)了。

  rub

  rub out(tr) 用擦子或橡皮把字跡擦掉

  The child wrote down the wrong word and then rubbed it out.(rubbed the word out/rubbed out the word)

  孩子寫錯(cuò)了一個(gè)字,又把它擦掉了。

  rub up(tr) 復(fù)習(xí),溫習(xí)某項(xiàng)知識(shí)

  I am going to France;I must rub up my French.(rub it up)

  我要去法國(guó)了。我得把法語(yǔ)溫習(xí)一下。

  run

  run after(to)追逐(參見(jiàn)下面的例句)

  run away(intr) 逃跑,出走(離開(kāi)家庭、學(xué)校等)

  The thief ran away and the policeman ran after him.

  小偷逃跑了,警察追了去。

  He ran away from home and got a job in a garage.

  他離家出走,在一家汽車修理站里找了個(gè)工作。

  run away with(tr)(感情)變得不可控制,(馬匹)奔逸

  Don’t let your emotions run away with you.

  不要聽(tīng)任感情失控。

  His horse ran away with him and he had a bad fall.

  他騎的馬狂奔起來(lái),他摔得不輕。

  run away with the idea 過(guò)分匆促地接受某種想法

  Don’t run away with the idea that I am unsociable;I just haven’t timeto go out much.

  不要輕信我不愛(ài)同人交往的說(shuō)法;我只不過(guò)是沒(méi)有時(shí)間經(jīng)常外出而已。

  run down(tr) 詆毀,說(shuō)……的壞話

  He is always running down his neighbours.(running his neighbours down/running them down)

  他總是在說(shuō)鄰居的壞話。

  run down(intr) 發(fā)條松了,電池沒(méi)有電

  This torch is useless;the battery has run down.

  這電筒沒(méi)有用;電池沒(méi)有電了。

  be run down(intr)(由于生病或工作過(guò)度而)身體壞了

  He is still run down after his illness and unfit for work.

  他病后仍然體力不佳,不適合工作。

  run into(tr) 撞上(車輛等)

  The car skidded and ran into a lamp-post.

  汽車打滑,撞上了電線竿。

  run into/across someone 偶然遇見(jiàn)(某人)

  I ran into my cousin in Harrods recently.

  我最近在哈洛德百貨商店遇見(jiàn)了我表弟。

  run out of(tr) 用光,吃喝無(wú)余

  I have run out of milk.Put some lemon in your tea instead.

  我沒(méi)有牛奶了。你在茶里放點(diǎn)檸檬吧。

  run over(tr)(車輛)軋過(guò)

  The drunk man stepped into the road right in front of the oncoming car.

  The driver couldn’t stop in time and ran over him.

  醉漢走到馬路上,正好到了開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)的汽車前面。司機(jī)來(lái)不及停車,從他身上軋過(guò)去了。

  run over(tr/intr) 溢出

  He turned on both taps full and left the bathroom.When he came backhe found that the water was running over/running over the edge of thebath.

  他把兩個(gè)水龍頭開(kāi)到頭,就走出了浴室。回來(lái)時(shí)他發(fā)現(xiàn)水已經(jīng)溢出來(lái)了/溢出浴盆邊沿了。

  run over/through(tr) 迅速地復(fù)習(xí),檢查,重讀一下

  We’ve got a few minutes before the train goes,so I’ll just run throughyour instructions again.

  火車開(kāi)車以前還剩幾分鐘,所以我要再重復(fù)一下給你們的指示。

  run through(tr) 極度浪費(fèi)(指供應(yīng)品或錢)

  He inherited a fortune and ran through it in a year.

  他繼承了一大筆財(cái)產(chǎn),一年之內(nèi)就揮霍光了。

  run up bills 由于不斷賒購(gòu)而積累起許多帳單

  Her husband said that she must pay for things at once and not run upbills.

  她丈夫說(shuō)她得用現(xiàn)款購(gòu)物,不該積起厚厚一疊帳單。

  run up against difficulties/opposition 遭遇困難/反對(duì)

  If he tries to change the rules of the club he will run up against a lot ofopposition.

  如果他想改變俱樂(lè)部的章程,就會(huì)遇到很多反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。

  see

  see about(tr) 過(guò)問(wèn)并安排

  I must see abut getting a room ready for him.

  我得去給他設(shè)法準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)房間。

  see somebody off 送人離去(上車、船、飛機(jī)等)

  The station was crowded with boys going back to school and parents whowere seeing them off.

  車站里擠滿了要回學(xué)校上學(xué)的男孩子們和送他們的家長(zhǎng)們。

  see somebody out 送(某人)出門

  When guests leave the host usually sees them out.

  客人走時(shí),主人通常送出門。

  Don’t bother to come to the door with me.I can see myself out.

  不用費(fèi)力送我出去。我可以自己出去。

  see over a house/a building 看房(常是為買房或租房準(zhǔn)備)

  I’m definitely interested in the house.I’d like to see over it.

  我肯定對(duì)這所房子感興趣。我想去看一下這房子。

  see through(tr) 看透(發(fā)現(xiàn)想騙人的那人心中的想法)

  She pretended that she loved him but he saw through her,and realizedthat she was only after his money.

  她假裝愛(ài)他,可是他把她看透了,明白她只是看上了他的錢。(他沒(méi)有被他/她的假裝騙了。參見(jiàn)take in。)

  see to(tr)安排,修好,糾正

  If you can provide the wine I’ll see to the food.

  你要是能提供葡萄酒,我來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)食品。

  That electric fire isn’t safe.You should have it seen to.

  那個(gè)電爐不安全。你得找人修一下。

  Please see to it that the door is locked.

  請(qǐng)留意一下把門鎖好。

  sell

  sell off(tr) 廉價(jià)拋售以賣盡存貨

  Assistant:This line is being discontinued so we are selling off the remainder of our stock;that’s why they are so cheap.(selling the rest off/selling it off)

  店員:這條生產(chǎn)線已停止了,所以我們?cè)诹畠r(jià)出售存貨;因此價(jià)格很便宜。

  sell out(intr) 出清,售完

  When all the seats for a certain performance have been booked,theatresput a notice saying‘Sold out’outside the booking office.

  某場(chǎng)演出票已訂光時(shí),劇院常在票房外面貼個(gè)通知:“票已售完”。

  send

  be sent down(intr) 由于行為不端被大學(xué)開(kāi)除

  He behaved so badly in college that he was sent down and never got hisdegree.

  他在大學(xué)里行為極為惡劣,以致被開(kāi)除了,從未拿到學(xué)位。

  send for(tr) 派人找來(lái)

  One of our water pipes has burst.We must send for the plumber.

  我們有個(gè)自來(lái)水管漏水了,得找水管工來(lái)。

  The director sent for me and asked for an explanation.

  院長(zhǎng)把我找去了,要求我做出解釋。

  send in(tr) 寄送到某人處(此人不必說(shuō)出,因?yàn)槁?tīng)話的人早已知道)

  You must send in your application before Friday.(send your applicationin/send it in)

  你必需在星期五以前把申請(qǐng)書送上去。

  send on(tr) 轉(zhuǎn)交,轉(zhuǎn)遞,轉(zhuǎn)寄

  If any letters come for you after you have gone I will send them on.(sendon your letters/send your letters on)

  如果你走了以后有你的信,我會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)寄給你的。

  set

  set in(intr) 開(kāi)始(常指一段令人不愉快的時(shí)期)

  Winter has set in early this year.

  今年的冬季開(kāi)始得早。

  set off(tr) 開(kāi)始(一系列事件),引發(fā)

  That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.(set themoff)

  那一次罷工引發(fā)了全國(guó)一系列的罷工。

  set off/out(intr) 動(dòng)身,上路

  They set out/off at six and hoped to arrive before dark.

  他們?cè)?點(diǎn)鐘動(dòng)身,希望在天黑以前到。

  如果提到了目的地,則要用介詞for引導(dǎo)

  They set out/off for Rome.

  他們動(dòng)身上羅馬去了。

  set out+不定式 開(kāi)始,以……為目的(常帶show指給看/prove證明/explain解釋或其他類似動(dòng)詞的不定式)

  In this book the author sets out to prove that the inhabitants of the islandscame from South America.

  在本書中意圖證明這些島的居民來(lái)自南美洲。

  set up(tr) 創(chuàng)立(紀(jì)錄)

  He set up a ner record for the 1,000 metres.(set a new record up/set itup)

  他創(chuàng)下了千米賽跑的新紀(jì)錄。

  set up(intr) 開(kāi)辦(新商號(hào))

  When he married he left his father’s shop and set up on his own.

  

  他結(jié)婚后離開(kāi)了他父親的商店,自己開(kāi)一家店。

  settle

  settle down(intr) 安居下來(lái),安頓下來(lái),安于新的地方/職業(yè)等

  He soon settled down in his new school.

  他在新的學(xué)校里很快就習(xí)慣了。

  settle up(intr) 付清欠款

  Tell me what I owe you and I’ll settle up.

  告訴我我欠你多少錢,我會(huì)付清的。

  shout

  shout down(tr) 高聲喊叫,不讓演講人說(shuō)話,哄臺(tái)

  Tom tried to make a speech defending himself but the crowd wouldn’tlisten to his explanation and shouted him down.

  湯姆想講話為自己辯護(hù),可是人群不肯聽(tīng)他的解釋,把他哄下去了。

  The moderate speakers were shout down.

  那些主張克制的演講者們被哄下去了。

  show

  show off(tr/intr) 炫耀,引人注目

  Although Jules speaks English perfectly,my cousin spoke French to himall the time just to show off.

  雖說(shuō)儒爾英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好,我表妹一直跟他說(shuō)法語(yǔ)以便炫耀一番。

  He is always picking up very heavy things just to show off his strength.(show it off)

  他常拿起很重的東西以顯示自己的力氣。

  shut

  shut down(tr/intr) 關(guān)閉(參見(jiàn)close down)

  sit

  sit back(intr) 放松,不動(dòng)手,不干活

  I have worked hard all my life and now I’m going to sit back and watchother people working.

  我這輩子一直努力干,現(xiàn)在要輕松輕松,看著別人干了。

  sit up(intr) 坐著熬夜,過(guò)了點(diǎn)而不去睡(常指因閱讀、工作或等人)

  I was very worried when he didn’t come in and I sat up till 3 a.m.wait-ing for him.

  他沒(méi)回家,我很擔(dān)心,一直不去睡而等到凌晨3點(diǎn)鐘。

  She sat up all night with the sick child.

  她整夜陪著生病的孩子沒(méi)有睡。

  stand

  stand by someone(tr) 繼續(xù)支持并幫助某人,為某人撐腰

  No matter what happens I’ll stand by you,so don’t be afraid.

  不管發(fā)生什么事我都支持你,別怕。

  stand for(tr) 代表

  The symbol‘x’usually stands for the unknown quantity in mathematics.

  在數(shù)學(xué)中,“x”這個(gè)符號(hào)常代表未知數(shù)。

  stand for Parliament 競(jìng)選議員

  Mr Pitt stood for Parliament five years ago but he wasn’t elected.

  皮特先生五年前曾競(jìng)選議員職位,可是沒(méi)有當(dāng)選。

  stand out(intr) 易于看到,顯眼

  She stood out from the crowd because of her height and her flaming red hair.

  由于她個(gè)子高,又長(zhǎng)了一頭火紅的頭發(fā),她站在人群里很顯眼。

  stand up for(tr) 為……辯護(hù)

  His father blamed him,but his mother stood up for him and said that hehad acted sensibly.

  他爸爸責(zé)怪他,可是他媽媽為他辯護(hù),說(shuō)他做得有道理。

  Why don’t you stand up for yourself?

  你為什么不為自己辯護(hù)?

  tand up to(tr) 抗拒,不屈服

  This type of building stands up to the gales very well.

  這種建筑很能抗拒大風(fēng)。

  Your boss is a bully.If you don’t stand up to him he’ll lead you a dog’slife.

  你的老板是個(gè)仗勢(shì)欺人之輩。你要是向他屈服,他會(huì)把你欺負(fù)死。

  stay

  stay up(intr) 過(guò)時(shí)不睡(通常為了娛樂(lè))

  Children never want to go to bed at the proper time;they always want tostay up late.

  孩子們總是不想按時(shí)上床睡覺(jué);他們老是想晚點(diǎn)睡。

  step

  step up(tr) 增速,加快(常指工業(yè)生產(chǎn)等)

  This new machine will step up production.(step it up)

  這臺(tái)新機(jī)器將使生產(chǎn)加快。

  take

  be taken aback(intr) 感到驚訝失措

  I was taken aback when I saw the bill.

  我看到帳單時(shí)大吃一驚。

  take after(tr)長(zhǎng)得像(父母、祖父母等)

  He takes after his grandmother;she had red hair too.

  他長(zhǎng)得像他的祖母。他祖母也是紅頭發(fā)。

  My father was forgetful and I take after him;I forget everything.

  我爸爸愛(ài)忘事兒,而我就像他。我什么都忘。

  take back(tr) 收回(所說(shuō)的話、指責(zé)等)

  I blamed him bitterly at first but later,when I heard the whole story,Irealized that he had been right and I went to him and took back my re-marks.(took them back)

  起初我痛切地指責(zé)他,但是后來(lái)當(dāng)我知道了事情的全部情況時(shí),就明白他是對(duì)的,所以我去找他收回我說(shuō)的話。

  take down(tr) 寫下來(lái)(常指聽(tīng)寫)

  He read out the names and his secretary took them down.(took down thenames/took the names down)

  他把人名念出來(lái),他的秘書則把那些名字記下來(lái)。

  take for(tr) 錯(cuò)認(rèn)

  I took him for his brother.They are extremely alike.

  我把他錯(cuò)認(rèn)成他的兄弟了。他倆長(zhǎng)得像極了。

  Do you take me for a fool?

  你難道把我當(dāng)成傻子不成?

  take in(tr)

  (a)欺騙,騙而使信:

  At first he took us in by his stories and we tried to help him;but later welearnt that his stories were all lies.

  起初他編的那些故事使我們相信他了,我們還想幫助他;可后來(lái)我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)那全是謊話。

  (b)接待,收留住下

  When our car broke down I knocked on the door of the nearest house.

  The owner very kindly took us in and gave us a bed for the night.

  我們的汽車壞了時(shí),我敲最近的一家人家的門。房主很好心地收留了我們,給我們一張床過(guò)夜。

  People who live by the sea often take in paying guests during the sum-mer.(take paying guests in/take them in)

  住在海濱的人常在夏天留游客住宿,掙一些房錢。

  (c)理解,(思想上)接受

  I was thinking of something else while she was speaking and I didn’t re-ally take in what she was saying.

  她說(shuō)話時(shí)我在想別的事,并沒(méi)有真正理解她說(shuō)的話。

  I couldn’t take in the lecture at all.It was too difficult for me.(couldn’ttake it in)

  講座我完全聽(tīng)不懂。它對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。

 。╠)改窄,改瘦(指衣服)

  I’m getting much thinner;I’ll have to take in my clothes.(take my clothes in/take them in)

  我瘦多了,得把衣服改瘦。

  take off(tr) 取下,脫下,褪去(指衣服時(shí)為put on的反義詞)

  He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again whenhe went out.(took his coat off/took it off)

  他進(jìn)屋時(shí)脫下了外衣,出屋時(shí)又把它穿上了。

  take off(intr) (飛機(jī)等)起飛,離地升空

  There is often a spectators balcony at airports where people can watchthe planes taking off and landing.

  機(jī)場(chǎng)常設(shè)有看臺(tái),供人們觀看飛機(jī)起飛降落。

  take on

 。╝)承擔(dān)工作

  She wants someone to look after her children.I shouldn’t care to take onthe job.They are very spoilt.(take the job on/take it on)

  她想找人給她照料孩子。我可不想承擔(dān)這份工作。她的孩子們都被寵壞了。

  (b)雇用,招工

  They’re taking on fifty new workers at the factory.

  這家工廠要招收50名新工人。

 。╟)接受某人為對(duì)手,應(yīng)戰(zhàn)

  I’ll take you on at table tennis.

  我跟你打一局乒乓球試試。

  I took on Mr Pitt at draughts.(took Mr Pitt on/took him on)

  我接受皮特先生的應(yīng)戰(zhàn),跟他下國(guó)際象棋。

  take out(tr) 除去,清除

  Petrol will take out that stain.(take the stain out/take it out)

  汽油能除去那塊污漬。

  The dentist took out two of her teeth.

  牙科醫(yī)生給她拔去兩顆牙。

  take somebody out 請(qǐng)人到外面去吃飯娛樂(lè)

  Her small boy is at boarding school quite near here.I take him out everymonth.

  她的小男孩在離這兒很近的地方上寄宿學(xué)校。我每個(gè)月帶他出來(lái)吃頓飯。

  take over(tr/intr) 接受,接手,接管

  We stop work at ten o’clock and the night shift takes over until the fol-lowing morning.

  我們10點(diǎn)鐘停止工作,夜班接班一直工作到第二天早上。

  Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will be taking overthe class/Miss Jones will be taking over from Miss Smith.

  史密斯小姐要離職去結(jié)婚了,瓊斯小姐將接手管理她的班級(jí)。(參見(jiàn)hand over。)

  take to(tr)

 。╝)開(kāi)始養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。它常給人一種印象,即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為這種習(xí)慣是壞習(xí)慣或是有點(diǎn)愚蠢的習(xí)慣,但也并非一定如此。后面常帶動(dòng)名詞

  He took to drink.

  他開(kāi)始喝酒上癮了。

  He took to borrowing money from the petty cash.

  他開(kāi)始有了從小額現(xiàn)款中“借”用零用現(xiàn)金的習(xí)慣。

  (b)對(duì)某人有好感,被(某物)所吸引(特別是首次見(jiàn)到時(shí))

  I was introduced to the new headmistress yesterday.I can’t say I took toher.

  我被介紹給新來(lái)的女校長(zhǎng)。我很難說(shuō)我對(duì)她有好感。

  He went to sea and took to the life like a duck to water.

  他當(dāng)海員去了,就像鴨子愛(ài)水一樣愛(ài)上了這種生活。

 。╟)進(jìn)入……似求逃命

  When they saw that the ship was sinking the crew took to the boats.

  船員們看到船要下沉了,就上了救生船以求逃命。

  After the failure of the coup many of the rebels took to the hills and be-came guerillas.

  政變失敗后,許多反叛的人上山打游擊去了。

  take up(tr)

  (a)開(kāi)始一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好、運(yùn)動(dòng)或?qū)W習(xí)(這里沒(méi)有批評(píng)的意思)

  He took up golf and became very keen on it.(took it up)

  他玩起了高爾夫球,并且變得很熱衷于其中。

 。╞)占有(時(shí)間或空間)

  He has a very small room and most of the space is taken up by a grandpiano.

  他住一個(gè)很小的房間,房間里一多半地方被一臺(tái)大三角鋼琴占去了。

  A lot of an MP’s time is taken up with answering letters from his con-stituents.

  國(guó)會(huì)議員要花不少時(shí)間給他的選民寫回信。

  talk

  talk over(tr)討論

  Talk it over with your wife and give me your answer tomorrow.(talkover my suggestion/talk my suggestion over)

  你和你夫人把這件事好好談一下,明天給我個(gè)回音。

  think

  think over(tr) 考慮

  I can’t decide straight away but I’ll think over your idea and let youknow what I decide.(think your idea over/think it over)

  我眼下沒(méi)法決定,可是我會(huì)把你的想法好好想一下,再讓你知道我的決定。

  throw

  throw away/out(tr) 扔掉,拋棄(廢物等)

  Throw away those old shoes.Nobody could wear them now.(throw theshoes away/throw them away)

  把那些舊鞋都扔掉。現(xiàn)在誰(shuí)也不會(huì)穿它們。

  throw up(tr) 突然放棄(某種工作或計(jì)劃)

  He suddenly got tired of the job and threw it up.(he threw up the job/threw the job up)

  他忽然厭倦了這個(gè)工作,就不干了。

  tie

  tie someone up 捆住某人手腳使不能動(dòng)彈

  The thieves tied up the night watchman before opening the safe.(tied the man up/tied him up)

  盜匪在開(kāi)保險(xiǎn)柜之前將值夜班的警衛(wèi)捆了起來(lái)。

  try

  try on(tr) 試穿(衣物)

  Customer in dress shop:I like this dress.Could I try it on?(try thisdress on/try on this dress)

  服裝店中的顧客:我喜歡這件衣服。能試穿一下嗎?

  try out(tr) 試驗(yàn)

  We won’t know how the plan works till we have tried it out.

  我們要到試驗(yàn)過(guò)這個(gè)計(jì)劃以后才能知道它的效果如何。

  They are trying out new ways of preventing noise in hospitals.(tryingthem out)

  人們?cè)谠囼?yàn)使用新的方法阻止醫(yī)院里的噪音。

  turn

  turn away(tr) 拒之門外,阻擋在門外

  The man at the door turned away anybody who hadn’t an invitation card.(turned them away)

  站在門口的這個(gè)人把沒(méi)有請(qǐng)?zhí)娜硕季苤T外。

  turn down(tr) 拒絕,不批誰(shuí),拒不接受建議、申請(qǐng)、申請(qǐng)的人等

  I applied for the job but they turned me down/turned down my applica-tion because I didn’t know German.

  我申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職務(wù),但是他們拒絕了我/我的申請(qǐng),因?yàn)槲也欢抡Z(yǔ)。

  He was offered £500 for the picture but he turned it down.(turneddown the offer/turned the offer down)

  人家提出要以500鎊買他那幅畫,但他拒絕了。

  turn in(intr) 上床睡覺(jué)(主要為海員、露營(yíng)者等所用)

  The captain turned in,not realizing that the icebergs were so close.

  船長(zhǎng)上床睡覺(jué)了,沒(méi)有意識(shí)到冰山已靠得這么近了。

  turn into(tr) 轉(zhuǎn)換為,變?yōu)?P>  I am going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.

  我要把車庫(kù)改建為孩子們的游戲室。

  She turned the silver candlestick into a reading lamp.

  她把這個(gè)銀燭臺(tái)改成了一盞閱讀燈。

  turn on(tr)(重音在turn上)突然襲擊(襲擊者常是朋友或

  一頭過(guò)去表示友好的野獸)

  The tigress turned on the trainer and struck him to the ground.

  雌虎突然襲擊馴虎人,把他打倒在地。

  turn on/off(tr) 開(kāi)/關(guān)(電燈、煤氣、爐灶、收音機(jī)、水龍頭等)turn out(tr)

 。╝)生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)出

  The creamery turns out two hundred tons of butter a week.(turns it out)這家奶制品廠每周生產(chǎn)200噸黃油。

  (b)逐出,翻出,騰空

  1 turn a person out 將人逐出家屋/套房/居室

  At one time,if tenants didn’t pay their rent the landlord could turn themout.

  從前,如果房客付不起房租,房東可以把他們趕出去。

  2 turn out one’s pockets/handbags/drawers etc.

  將衣袋/手提包/抽屜等翻空,常是為了尋找某物

  ‘Turn out your pockets,’said the detective.

  偵探說(shuō):“把你口袋里的東西都翻出來(lái)!

  3 turn out a room 徹底打掃,先將家具搬出去

  I try to turn out one room every month if I have time.

  我盡量在有工夫的時(shí)候每個(gè)月徹底打掃一個(gè)房間。

  turn out(intr)

 。╝)集合,上街(常是為了某人)

  The whole town turned out to welcome the winning football team whenthey came back with the Cup.

  得勝的足球隊(duì)捧著獎(jiǎng)杯凱旋而歸時(shí),城里人萬(wàn)人空巷地他們。

 。╞)發(fā)展,變化,結(jié)果

  I’ve never made Yorkshire pudding before so I am not quite sure how it isgoing to turn out.

  我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有做過(guò)約克郡布丁,因此我不知道這一次做出來(lái)的會(huì)結(jié)果如何。

  Marriages arranged by marriage bureaux frequently turn out well.由婚姻介紹所安排的婚姻結(jié)果常常美滿。

 。╟)原來(lái)是……(注意有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):it turned out that…和he turned out to be…)

  He told her that he was a bachelor but it turned out that he was marriedwith six children.

  他告訴她說(shuō)他是單身漢,可事實(shí)證明他原來(lái)已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了,有六個(gè)孩子。

  Our car broke down half way through the journey but the hiker we hadpicked up turned out to be an expert mechanic and was able to put thingsright.

  我們的汽車走到半路壞了,可是路上搭我們便車的那人敢情是個(gè)熟練的修車工,把車給修好了。

  注意turn out與come out不同。用turn out時(shí),后來(lái)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的事總是要說(shuō)出來(lái)的,而且也并不暗示這事是壞事。用come out時(shí),只告訴人說(shuō)某些事實(shí)已經(jīng)被揭露了(這些事實(shí)常是名聲不好的),但不說(shuō)明這些事實(shí)的內(nèi)容。

  turn over(tr)翻過(guò)來(lái)

  He turned over the stone.(turned the stone over/turned it over)

  他把石頭翻了過(guò)來(lái)。

  The initials‘PTO’at the bottom of a page mean‘Please turn over’.

  在一頁(yè)下端的首字母縮寫“PTO”意思是“請(qǐng)看背面”。

  ‘Turn over a new leaf.’

  “翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè)!保ㄔ俅伍_(kāi)始,痛改前非。)

  turn over(intr)

 。╝)翻轉(zhuǎn)(指車、船等交通工具)

  The car struck the wall and turned over.

  汽車撞到墻上,翻了個(gè)個(gè)兒。

  The canoe turned over,throwing the boys into the water.

  獨(dú)木舟翻了,把男孩子們拋入水中。

 。╞)翻身(指人)

  It is difficult to turn over in a hammock.

  睡吊床時(shí)翻身很困難。

  When his alarm went off he just turned over and went to sleep again.

  他的鬧鐘響時(shí),他只是翻了個(gè)身,又睡著了。

  turn up/down(tr) 開(kāi)大/關(guān)小,增加/減小壓力、力量、容量、音量等(指煤氣、石油、燈火、爐灶、或收音機(jī)等)

  Turn up the gas;it is much too low.

  把煤氣灶開(kāi)大一些,火太小了。

  I wish the people in the next flat would turn down their radio.You canhear every word.(turn the sound down/turn it down)

  我真希望隔壁套房里的人家能把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小些。你都能聽(tīng)到每個(gè)字。

  turn up(intr) 出現(xiàn),到來(lái)(通常是從等待或搜尋的人的角度來(lái)講)

  We arranged to meet at the station but she didn’t turn up.

  我們商量好在車站見(jiàn)面,可是她沒(méi)有露面。

  Don’t bother to look for my umbrella;it will turn up some day.

  別費(fèi)心找我的傘了;它遲早會(huì)自己出來(lái)的。

  wait

  wait on(tr) 伺候,上飯菜(在家里或在飯館里)

  He expected his wife to wait on him hand and foot.

  他指望他妻子跑前跑后地伺候他。

  The man who was waiting on us seemed very inexperienced;he got allour orders mixed up.

  那個(gè)給我們服務(wù)的人好像很缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),把我們叫的菜全搞混了。

  walk

  walk out(intr) 大步走出去,退場(chǎng)(因?yàn)閼嵟、不滿或討厭等)

  Some people were so disgusted with the play that they walked out in themiddle of the first act.

  有些人對(duì)這劇感到非常厭惡,以致在第一幕演到一半時(shí)就退場(chǎng)了。

  wash

  wash up(tr/intr)(在飯后)洗碗碟餐具

  When we have dinner very late we don’t wash up till the next morning.

  (wash up the dishes/wash them up)

  我們晚飯要是吃得很晚,就把碗碟放到第二天早上再洗。

  watch

  watch out(intr) 當(dāng)心,留神,注意

  watch out for(tr) 留意,小心提防,注意尋找(參見(jiàn)look outfor)

  wear

  wear away(intr) 逐漸磨損或磨平,磨蝕出凹痕(常指木、石等,而且主語(yǔ)常為風(fēng)雨等自然力或踏踩、拭撫此的人等)

  It is almost impossible to read the inscription on the monument as most ofthe letters have been worn away.

  由于多數(shù)的字母久經(jīng)風(fēng)雨,紀(jì)念碑上的銘文已經(jīng)無(wú)法卒讀了。

  wear off(intr) 逐漸消失(可以按字面意義使用,但主要用來(lái)指體力或精神上的感覺(jué))

  These glasses may seem uncomfortable at first but that feeling will soonwear off.

  這副眼鏡可能起初戴著不舒服,但是那種感覺(jué)逐漸就會(huì)沒(méi)有了。

  When her first feeling of shyness had worn off she started to enjoy her-self.

  她開(kāi)頭的羞澀感逐漸消失時(shí),她便開(kāi)始玩得高興起來(lái)。

  He began to try to sit up,which showed us that the effects of the drugwere wearing off.

  他開(kāi)始試圖坐起身來(lái),這向我們表明藥力正在消退。

  wear out(tr/intr)

  (a)(tr)用到無(wú)法再用為止;(intr)由于經(jīng)常使用而破損,不能再用(常用于衣物)

  Children wear out their shoes very quickly.(wear their shoes out/wear them out)

  孩子穿鞋時(shí)破得很快。

  Cheap clothes wear out quickly.

  便宜的衣服破得快。

 。╞)(tr)使疲憊,耗竭(指人;常用被動(dòng)態(tài))

  He worked all night and wanted to go on working the next day,but wesaw that he was completely worn out and persuaded him to stop.

  他干了個(gè)通宵,還想第二天接著干,可是我們看到他已經(jīng)筋疲力盡,就勸他停止工作。

  wind

  wind up(tr/intr)(使)結(jié)束(常指演講或業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)程)

  The headmaster wound up(the meeting)by thanking the parents.

 。╳ound the meeting up/wound it up)

  校長(zhǎng)以向家長(zhǎng)們表示感謝結(jié)束了這次會(huì)議。

  wipe

  wipe out(tr) 消滅,徹底毀壞

  The epidemic wiped out whole families.(wiped whole families out/wiped them out)

  這次瘟疫使許多人家絕戶了。

  work

  work out(tr) 通過(guò)運(yùn)算或研究取得某問(wèn)題的解決或處理方法,研究并決定某一計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)

  He used his calculator to work out the cost.(work the cost out)

  他用計(jì)算器算出了需支付多少錢。

  Tell me where you want to go and I’ll work out a route.

  你告訴我你想上哪兒,我就會(huì)給你安排出一條路線來(lái)。

  This is the outline of the plan.We want the committee to work out the details.(work them out)

  這就是計(jì)劃的提綱。我們想讓委員會(huì)商議出細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)。

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