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  5.動(dòng)詞

  (1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):

 、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn):其一表示一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如: I always go to scho

  ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實(shí),如: The earth moves around the sun.

 、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn):其一表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,并持續(xù)下來(lái),到現(xiàn)在完成。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去并已結(jié)束,但其影響到現(xiàn)在。如: I haven’t had my lunch. I’m hungry now.

  與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語(yǔ)有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。

  其考查要點(diǎn):

  其一: Have been表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò),如:I have been to America twice. 說(shuō)此話的人應(yīng)已經(jīng)回到國(guó)內(nèi)。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。

  其二: 截止性動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不可與表示一段長(zhǎng)度的詞連用,如: The clas s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.

  ③ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)

  表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: at that time, ago, in 1949,just now (剛才), last night, yesterday

 、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

  純將來(lái)時(shí)的表示法: shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形

  例: I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening.

  表示按計(jì)劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動(dòng)詞原形

  例: I’m going to help you tonight.

  將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊表示法

  a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving

  例: Don’t worry. I’m coming.

 。. be about to+動(dòng)詞原形

  例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.

 。. 狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)

  例: If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party.

  (2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

 。悖幔睿 能,會(huì)

  例: He can do it very well.

 。恚幔涸S可,可能性

  例: May I use your pen?

  must:必要,禁止(多表示主觀看法)

  例: You mustn’t play with fire.

 。瑁幔觯澹簦铮翰坏貌(多表示客觀之事)

  例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.

 。悖铮酰欤渑cwould:二者用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉

  例: Could you help me?

  6.句型

   (1) 賓語(yǔ)從句:

  由疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞引出的賓語(yǔ)從句

  例: Could you tell me where the post office is?

  Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語(yǔ))

  由that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句

  例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導(dǎo)詞)

  賓語(yǔ)從句中的疑問(wèn)句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

  例: He asked when we would leave home.

  (2) 狀語(yǔ)從句:

  狀語(yǔ)從句可包括:時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因/結(jié)果/目的等狀語(yǔ)從句。

  例:I will come when I am free.

  I’m late because my bike is broken.

  He went so early that he got a good seat.

  She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.

  狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

  例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.

  表示在一長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過(guò)程中某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生則長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突發(fā)性 動(dòng)作要用一般時(shí)態(tài)。

  例: When I’m reading a book, the telephone rings.

  (3) 反意疑問(wèn)句

  例: She can swim across the river, can’t she?

  It’s a fine day, isn’t it?

  Marry needs to have a rest, doesn’t she?

  You have nothing to do, do you?

  He seldom does homework, does he?

  Don’t open the door, will you?

  Open the door please, will you?

  Let us have a rest, will you?

  Let’s go, shall we?

  (4) 感嘆句:

  例.What a hot day it is!

  How hot the weather is!

 。罚欢ㄊ

  (1) 不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ):

  例: It has begun to rain.

  I want to go to the cinema.

  (2) 不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用:

  例: I want to know how to work.

  I want to know what to do.

  (3) 不定式的否定句:

  例: He told me not to do it.

  ④省略to的不定式:

  例: I saw him come this morning.

  這樣的動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch等感官動(dòng)詞,及have(作讓、使講) make, let.

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