中考優(yōu)秀作文——被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯

　　四、譯成漢語被動(dòng)句

　　有些英語被動(dòng)句著重被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，因此，翻譯時(shí)仍然可以翻譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句，以突出英語原文的被動(dòng)意義。一般說來，被動(dòng)句指的是具有被動(dòng)形式標(biāo)記的句子。雖然英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用范圍頗廣，但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)記卻很單一，主要是“be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”及其變化形式。另一方面，漢語被動(dòng)句式使用較少，但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)記要繁雜得多。漢語中表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的語言手段主要包括使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為...所、由...來”等等。

　　The minister was found to have appropriated government money.

　　部長(zhǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)挪用公款。

　　He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.

　　他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。

　　The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.

　　那名男生在穿過街道時(shí)讓一輛小公共汽車撞倒了。

　　He was praised by his teacher.

　　他得到了老師的表揚(yáng)。

　　Problems should be resolved in good time.

　　問題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。

　　For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.

　　在未來較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里，中國(guó)的老年人仍舊要由家庭來贍養(yǎng)。

　　五、常用被動(dòng)句型“It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that”的翻譯

　　在這種句型中，it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)出的是主語從句。漢語譯文習(xí)慣上采用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)還需要增譯出泛指性的主語“我們”、“人們”、“大家”、“有人”等等，有時(shí)也可譯成無主語的漢語句子，并酌情加上漢語介詞“根據(jù)”或“據(jù)”。

　　It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.

　　有人認(rèn)為，生物氣候?qū)W是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)科。

　　It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.

　　有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說，科學(xué)的范疇可以分成兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域：自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)。

　　It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.

　　應(yīng)該指出，這一過程就是氧化。

　　下面是一些常用被動(dòng)句型的習(xí)慣譯法

　　It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望

　　It is assumed that... 假設(shè)，假定

　　It is claimed that...  據(jù)說，有人主張

　　It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信

　　It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)通報(bào)

　　It is considered that... 人們認(rèn)為，據(jù)估計(jì)

　　It is said that... 據(jù)說，有人說

　　It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測(cè)，人們猜測(cè)

　　It has been announced that... 已經(jīng)宣布

　　It is asserted that... 有人主張

　　It is rumored that... 有人主張

　　It is rumored that... 聽說，謠傳

　　It is noticed that... 有人指出，人們注意到

　　It is suggested that... 有人建議，建議

　　It is reputed that... 人們認(rèn)為，可以認(rèn)為

　　It is learned that... 據(jù)說，據(jù)聞，已經(jīng)查明

　　It is demonstrated that... 據(jù)證實(shí)，已經(jīng)證明

　　It is estimated that... 據(jù)估計(jì)，有人估計(jì)

　　It is estimated that... 有人指出，人們指出

　　It is pointed out that... 有人推薦，有人建議

　　It is proposed that... 有人提出

　　It was told that... 有人曾經(jīng)說

　　It was first intended that... 最初就有這樣的想法

　　It will be said that... 有人會(huì)說

　　It will be seen from this that...

　　由此可見，因此可知

　　It was noted above that... 前面已經(jīng)指出

　　It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)，老實(shí)說

　　It has been illustrated that... 據(jù)圖示，據(jù)說明

　　It is stressed that... 有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說

　　It is stressed that... 有人列舉出了

　　It can not be denied that... 無可否認(rèn)

　　It can be said without exaggeration that... 可以毫不夸張的說

　　It is sometimes asked that...人們有時(shí)會(huì)問

　　It was felt that... 有人認(rèn)識(shí)到了

　　It is universally accepted that... 人們普遍認(rèn)為

　　It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致同意

　　It is alleged that... 據(jù)說

　　It is calculated that... 據(jù)計(jì)算

　　It has been proved that... 已經(jīng)證明

　　It has been found that... 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)

　　It is still to be hoped that... 我們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ?P>　　It is well-known that... 眾所周知，大家都知道

　　It should be realized that... 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到……