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語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
（1）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be +及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞
因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The children were taken good care of by her.
【注意】
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。
3) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加“to”的情況
若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加to。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
4) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：
The food tastes good.
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。
（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。
（2）不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
（3）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都可以的動(dòng)詞
這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我看見(jiàn)了這個(gè)事實(shí))
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)我見(jiàn)他正干活這個(gè)動(dòng)作）
我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。
（5）用不帶to不定式的情況
使役動(dòng)詞如： let, have, make等和感官動(dòng)詞如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。
（6）接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同
1) stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
2) forget to do 忘記要去做某事�！�(未做)
forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事�！ �(已做)
3) remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)
4) try to do 努力，企圖做某事。
try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。
5) go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。
6) mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味著
4. 容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。
He said he would go there.
It‘s time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語(yǔ)言作為賓語(yǔ)。
Do you speak English?
May I speak to Mr Pope, please?
3) talk表示“談話”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可以接賓語(yǔ)。
What are you talking about?
Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語(yǔ)。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see 指“看見(jiàn)”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。
They can‘t see the words on the blackboard.
Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
3) watch 指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。
The twins are watching TV now.
He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看書(shū)”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。
Don‘t read in the sun.
I like to read newspapers when I am free.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的區(qū)別。
1) borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。
Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.
Could you lend us your radio, please?
3) keep是“保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。
How long can the recorder be kept?
The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.
(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思為“拿來(lái)”、“帶來(lái)”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”。
Bring me the book, please.
May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
2) take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來(lái)”或“拿到”某處之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
Mother took the little girl to the next room.
