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賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納
一，引導(dǎo)詞
例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?/P>
例：I don’t think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))
l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)
B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”的賓語(yǔ)從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ))
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，
賓語(yǔ)從句從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事項(xiàng)：
u由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)的變化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
u賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。
由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I con’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.
DO SOME EXERCISES:
1.Can you see________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
C. what does he read D. he reads what
2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)
Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?
3._What did your son say in the letter?
_He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day
A.will visit B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
4.He didn’t know__________
A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what the matter was
5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____
A.who were they B. who they were
C. who was it D. who it was
6.I want to know_____
A.what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?
---Her cousin,susan.
A.that B.whose C .who D.which
8.---What are you searching the Internet for?
---I’m trying to find out____.
A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
B.How many persons have died in Iraq
C.How to protect our environment
9.Do you know___________?(誰(shuí)正在唱歌)
10.Do you know___________?(她正在和誰(shuí)談話)
11.Do you know___________?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)
The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B
9 who is singing
10 who she is talking with
11 what happened yesterday
作者：陜西省興平市桑鎮(zhèn)二中 劉敏
