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考前點(diǎn)撥：中考英語典型陷阱題例析
典型陷阱之非謂語動(dòng)詞
1. He made some toys _______ his little son.
A. please B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased
2. My uncle enjoys _______ TV after supper.
A. watching B. watches C. watch D. to watch
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或D。這是由于知識(shí)錯(cuò)誤引起的。一些考生把這里的watch當(dāng)作謂語動(dòng)詞就誤選為B。很多考生誤認(rèn)為enjoy后面要接動(dòng)詞不定式就選了D。其實(shí)，enjoy后面接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其ing形式。這樣的動(dòng)詞還有finish, mind, practise, feel like, keep, be worth等等。正確答案為A。
3. Mr Brown asked us to stop _______, and we stopped _______to him at once.
A. talking, to listen B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk, listen
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為B或C。因?yàn)閟top后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式也可以接動(dòng)詞的ing形式，如果弄不清兩者的區(qū)別就很可能誤選為B或C或D。stop to do意為“停下(別的事)來開始做某事”，stop doing意為“停止做某事”。正確答案為A。這個(gè)句子意為“布朗先生叫我們停止談話，我們立刻停下來開始聽他講話”。后面接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞的ing 形式有很大的區(qū)別的詞有：try, remember, forget, go on等，try to do努力做某事，try doing試著做某事，remember to do記得要去做某事，remember doing記得做過某事，forget to do忘記要去做某事，forget doing忘記做過某事，go on to do接著做另一件事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。(from www.zkenglish.com)
4. The doctor did what he could _______ the boy.
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面肯定要接動(dòng)詞原形。但是，在這里不能選A，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞could后面本來有動(dòng)詞原形do，只是被省略了。正確答案為B。這里to help the boy這個(gè)不定式短語用來作目的狀語�！�
5. Mary is often listened _______ in the next room.
A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to to sing
【解析】此題易誤選為A。一般來說listen to和其他感官動(dòng)詞一樣，以不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作其賓語補(bǔ)足語。但當(dāng)該動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。這里應(yīng)特別注意，listen是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在接賓語時(shí)to不能省略。正確答案為D。
典型陷阱之反意疑問句
1. There is hardly any rain this summer, _______?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
2. She was unhappy when she heard the news, _______?
A. was she B. wasn’t she C. does she D. didn’t she
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A。當(dāng)句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)后面的反意疑問句要用肯定形式。但是，當(dāng)句中有由加否定前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí)，后面的反意疑問句不受其影響，仍用否定形式。正確答案為B。
3. She thinks she can get there on time, _______she?
A. can B. can’t C. doesn’t D. does
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B。錯(cuò)誤的原因是受了思維定式的影響。因?yàn)樵谄綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)“I think + that從句 / I don’t think + that從句”這樣的句子，它們后面的反意疑問句的主語和謂語要根據(jù)后面的從句來確定，肯定或否定形式則根據(jù)主句來確定。如：I think she will win the game, won’t she? I don’t think chickens can swim, can they? 但是，當(dāng)主句中的主語不是I時(shí)，其后的反意疑問句的主語和謂語仍然根據(jù)主句來確定。因此，正確答案為C。
4. —They haven’t paid for their tickets, have they?
—_______. They didn’t pay any money.
A. Yes, they have B. No, they haven’t C. Yes, they haven’t D. No, they have.
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或C。選A的同學(xué)是由于忽略語境造成的，如果不看They didn’t pay any money. 這句話，那么A項(xiàng)確實(shí)是正確答案。選C的同學(xué)是由于受了漢語思維的定式引起的，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)答案譯成漢語正好是“是的，他們沒有付錢”。大家應(yīng)注意否定疑問句的回答方式與肯定的疑問句的回答方式是一樣，只不過這時(shí)yes要譯為“不”，而no要譯為“是的”。正確答案為B。(from)
典型陷阱之主謂一致
1. Neither Jack nor Li Lei and I _______ interested in playing computer games.
A. am B. is C. are D. was
2. The teacher and writer _______ doing morning exercises this time yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為D。誤選的原因是把the teacher and writer誤認(rèn)為是兩個(gè)人，其實(shí)，the teacher and the writer才是兩個(gè)人，意為“那個(gè)老師和那個(gè)作家”。到底是一個(gè)人還是兩個(gè)人的關(guān)鍵是看and后面的名詞前面是否有修飾語，有修飾語就是兩個(gè)人或(物)，沒有修飾語就是一個(gè)人(或物)。正確答案為B。(from www.zkenglish.com)
3. Everyone except Tom and David _______there when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為C或D。此題考查主謂一致問題，許多同學(xué)會(huì)受Tom and David的影響會(huì)誤選為C或D這兩個(gè)答案。其實(shí)，這里屬于“單數(shù)主語＋介詞短語”作主語的情況，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)不受介詞短語中的名詞或代詞的影響，仍然用單數(shù)形式。正確答案為B�！�
4. Every boy and girl _______ the book and they each _______ to buy one.
A. likes, wants B. likes, want C. like, wants D. like, want
【解析】此題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或C。選A的同學(xué)認(rèn)為兩個(gè)主語中都有every或each應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；選C的同學(xué)認(rèn)為第一空前面的主語是boy and girl是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，第二空前面的主語是each是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。其實(shí)，受了every修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受each的影響，仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故正確答案為B。(待續(xù))
