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單項(xiàng)選擇是一種容量大、考查面廣的題型。它可集中考查詞法、句法、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。因此在各級(jí)各類考試中，單項(xiàng)選擇是必不可少的題型。
要做好單項(xiàng)選擇題，首先必須熟練掌握句型、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法、語(yǔ)法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。還應(yīng)該了解一些解題技巧，提高解題的綜合能力。
解答單項(xiàng)選擇題，一般要經(jīng)過(guò)四個(gè)階段 :閱讀審題--觀察分析--選擇判斷--復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。
1. 閱讀審題 :首先要默讀試題中的英語(yǔ)句子，了解空格在句中所處的位置，句子缺少什么成份，初步確定一個(gè)答案的范圍。根據(jù)備選答案二者結(jié)合起來(lái)就會(huì)大致明白考查什么。例如 :
He goes to work by bus .
A. So do I B. I so do C. I do so D. So am I
默讀此題后，就不難知道，此題缺少的是一個(gè)跟前句有關(guān)的一個(gè)句子;再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)就會(huì)清楚此題是考查副詞"so"一詞的用法(前邊的情況也適于另一個(gè)人或物)，只能選A。
2. 觀察分析 :這是一個(gè)快速而又嚴(yán)密的思維過(guò)程。要求將試題中所提供的條件和備選答案的情況結(jié)合起來(lái)去分析、推理、排除那些明顯不符合試題，甚至本身就有錯(cuò)的各選項(xiàng)目，再在剩余的備選中比較分析。例如 :
Wang Fang is young，but she plays ping-pong her mother.
A. as good as B. as well as
C. as better as D. as best as
根據(jù)觀察分析就會(huì)清楚，C、D兩項(xiàng)本身就不能成立，應(yīng)先排除，只能在A、B兩項(xiàng)中選。
3. 選擇判斷 :在分析句子和備選答案的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)驗(yàn)證，選出一個(gè)使句子語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)意通順，附合邏輯道理的答案。
就上例所示，先排除了C、D，就在A、B兩者中選。因句中"play"為一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞，需用一個(gè)副詞來(lái)修飾，故應(yīng)選擇B。
4. 復(fù)查驗(yàn)證 :將所選答案放在句中空格處再默讀全句。首先看是否順口，再在讀法、意思和邏輯關(guān)系上推敲一下，完全符合條件則可放心。
這就是做單項(xiàng)選擇題的總過(guò)程。其次，事實(shí)上大多數(shù)同學(xué)在許多情況下靠語(yǔ)感選擇答案，所謂語(yǔ)感就是平時(shí)知識(shí)的積累，是技巧的熟練，就是讀來(lái)順口、有把握。特別是情景反應(yīng)式選擇題運(yùn)用此法效果更佳。例如 :
1)-"Happy New Year!"
-" ".
A. Happy New Year, too B. Thank you very much
C. You‘re right D. The same to you
根據(jù)平時(shí)練習(xí)的情景對(duì)話，一讀就會(huì)感到D是正確的。
2)-"Mum，can I watch TV now?"
-No，you must finish your homework first.
A. doing B. do C. to do D. done
根據(jù)我們平時(shí)已學(xué)的"finish"一詞的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)"finish doing sth. "一讀就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，空白處只有填"doing"才是正確的，讀來(lái)順口，就會(huì)馬上確定A。
【經(jīng)典范例引路】
例1 of the twins passed the exam because they worked hard at their lessons.
A. Every B. Neither C. None D. Both
簡(jiǎn)析 :此題選D。B、C兩項(xiàng)是否定含義的詞，在句中邏輯上說(shuō)不通。另外注意neither強(qiáng)調(diào)"兩者都不"，none強(qiáng)調(diào)三者以上的"都不"。A項(xiàng)的 every只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
例2 the window. What‘s happening there?
A. Look off B. Look over C. Look out of D. Look for
簡(jiǎn)析 :此題選C。此題考查帶look的短評(píng)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)第二個(gè)句子問(wèn)外面發(fā)生了什么事，可推知第一句是讓"往窗外看"，故用look out of。look over是指醫(yī)生"檢查"病人，look for是"尋找"，A項(xiàng)短語(yǔ)不正確。
例3 bad weather we are having !We‘ve never had rainy days.
A. What a;such B. How;so C. What;such D. What;so
簡(jiǎn)析 :此題選C。第一個(gè)句子是感嘆句，中心詞是名詞 weather，故應(yīng)填 what，而非 how，又因 weather是不可數(shù)名詞，所以 what后面不能加a。第二個(gè)句子中的 days是名詞，故應(yīng)填such，而非so(so修飾形容詞或副詞)。
【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】
�、�. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
( )1. He came to China 1998.
A. from B. since C. at D. in
( )2. - did you buy the new bag?
-Last Monday.
A. Where B. How C. When D. Who
( )3. Mr. Yang is too to go on walking.
A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tired
( )4. trees are cut down every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Thousand of
( )5. He‘s lived here 1980.
A. after B. in C. from D. since
( )6. -Can you understand me ?
-Sorry, I can understand you.
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
( )7. - does it take me to go from my school to your school ?
-About five minutes.
A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long
( )8. -Hello. May I speak to Jim, please ?
- , please ?
A. Who are you B. How is he C. Who is that D. What are you
( )9. She asked me if I knew whose pen .
A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it
( )10. It‘s cold outside. You‘d better your coat.
A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up
( )11. -I have finished my homework.
-When you it ?
A. have; finished B. do; finish
C. did; finish D. will; finish
( )12. -Can I your bike ?
-With pleasure. But you mustn‘t it to others.
A. lend;borrow B. borrow;lend C. carry;lend D. borrow;keep
( )13. of them has an English dictionary.
A. Every B. Each C. Both D. All
( )14. It me about ten minutes to go to school by bike every day.
A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes
( )l5. Don‘t tell anybody about it. Keep it you and me.
A. among B. between C. in D. with
( )16. I‘d like to the word in French.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
( )17. A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will much rain.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. get
( )18. It‘s a beautiful stamp.
A. quite B. too C. very D. so
( )19. He doesn‘t know English because he has studied it for only __________ weeks.
A. much; a few B. little; few C. few; little D. a few; a little
( )20. It‘s about walk from my home.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute‘s D. ten-minutes
( )21. -Is this your sock ?
-Yes, it is. But where is ?
A. the others B. the other one C. others D. other one
( )22. The radio is too noisy. Would you please a little?
A. turn it off B. turn it down C. stop it from D. pick it up
( )23. The woman had to do the farm work herself, ?
A. did she B. didn‘t she C. had she D. wasn‘t she
( )24. He has for about twelve years.
A. bought the house B. left here
C. lived here D. gone there
( )25. I‘d like some water, but he wants .
A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottle oranges D. two bottles of oranges
( )26. Mike is learning a computer.
A. how can he use B. how to use
C. how he use D. how to using
( )27. You are just for the game. Please come and join us.
A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at the time
( )28. Who will teach English next term?
A. ourselves B. us C. our D. ours
( )29. Everything is lighter on the moon than on the earth.
A. so B. more C. much D. very
( )30. - do you go to see your parents?
-Once a week.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. When
[參考答案]
綜合能力訓(xùn)練
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