09年中考英語總復習二詞匯

　　一、根據所給單詞的適當形式填空,使句意通順,語法完整

　　6.Can you come with us ?(we)?

　　7.These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.(she)?

　　8.Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.(you)?

　　9.I don‘t think this is my frisby, though it looks like mine .(I) ?

　　10.Look at those books. Are they yours?(that)

　　二、根據首字母填空?

　　11.Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? ?

　　12.She asked us to help each other.

　　13.The old man can neither read nor write. ?

　　14.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. ?

　　15.Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.?

　　三、同義句轉換?

　　16、A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.?

　　B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. ?

　　17、A: He doesn‘t like mutton, and she doesn‘t, either.?

　　B: Neither he nor she likes mutton.

　　18、A: All the American people don‘t like sandwiches.?

　　B: Not all the American people like sandwiches. ?

　　19、A: They don‘t often hear the twins sing the song in the school.?

　　B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school.[ZK)]

　　四、單項選擇?

　　(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only .?

　　A. little B. few C. a little D. a few ?

　　(A)21、-Do you like Jane‘s new skirt

　　-Yes, very much. I‘ll ask mum to buy for me.?

　　A. one B. it C. the other D. a ?

　　(B)22、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.?

　　A. one B. that C. it D. this ?

　　(B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.?

　　A. the others B. others C. the other D. other ?

　　(A)24、-I‘ll give the boys to eat.?

　　-Oh, I know, fish and chips.?

　　A. something English B. English something?C. anything English D. English anything ?

　　(D)25、-Shall I help you with the heavy box

　　-No, thanks, I can do it .?

　　A. me B. my C. mine D. myself ?

　　(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00

　　-I don‘t mind. time is OK.?

　　A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either ?

　　(C)27、-My bag is full, what about

　　- is full, too.?

　　A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She ?

　　(D)28、-I‘ve had enough bread, Would you like

　　-No, thanks.?

　　A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more ?

　　(A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.?

　　A. both B. either C. neither D. each

　　(A)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is old.

　　A. the other B. other C. the others D. others ?

　　(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.?

　　A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ?

　　(B)3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.?

　　A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both ?

　　(B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like?

　　-Look! This is a picture of .?

　　A. it B. one C. two D. some ?

　　(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.?

　　A. few B. a few C. a little D. little

　　二、形容詞 副詞

　　大多數的形容詞、副詞都有三個等級: 原級:比較級: 比較...,更...一些 最高級: 最...

　　(A)1.構成:(規(guī)則情況)情況 變 化 方 法 例 詞

　　單音節(jié)詞和少數雙音節(jié)詞: 一般情況 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest

　　以字母e結尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest

　　重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母時 雙寫加er, est big-bigger-biggest

　　以輔音字母加y結尾 變y為i加er, est early-earlier-earliest

　　部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly

　　2.不規(guī)則變化,須熟記: good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest

　　bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least

　　(B)常見的使用情況

　　1.as … as … 和...一樣(中間用原級)

　　2.not as(so) … as 和...不一樣(中間用原級)

　　3… than …. ..比...(用比較級)

　　4.有范圍修飾的用最高級 如:in, of, among或用從句修飾的

　　eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year. ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen .

　　5.比較級+and+比較級 意為"越來越….eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful

　　6. The+比較級,the+比較級 越…...就越…... eg:The more, the better. 越多越好

　　(C)注意點:1.形容詞最高級前一定要用the,副詞最高級前可省略。

　　2.可用much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級。

　　3.在比較級中為了避免重復,在than后常用one,that,those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。

　　eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

　　(D)掌握三種同義句轉換:

　　1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.

　　2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn‘t as interesting as that one.

　　=That film is more interesting than this one.

　　3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.

　　Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

　　此外,關于形容詞、副詞的內容同學們還須掌握:

　　1.形容詞修飾名詞作定語,跟在連系動詞之后作表語。

　　2.副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞 enough屬例外詞:形/副+enough to do enough+名詞

　　例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她夠上學的年齡了。

　　3.區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞: 也 too用于肯定、疑問句 also 較為正式書面語 either 用于否定句 已經 already 常用于肯定句、疑問句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問句

　　不再 no (not any) longer 從時間上講 no (not any) more 從動作上講

　　如此這樣 such 修飾名詞 eg: such a big box

　　so 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big 單獨、獨自 alone 作表語 =by oneself 孤獨的 lonely 可作表語、定語 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy)

　　練習題

　　1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.

　　A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other

　　2.There isn‘t _____ in today‘s newspaper.

　　A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important

　　3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister‘s?

　　-No,Mum. It‘s not ______. It‘s ______. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine

　　4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest

　　5. An elephant is _____ than a horse.

　　A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong

　　6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best

　　一、 介詞

　　1.與形容詞搭配的詞組有: be afraid of (怕) be angry with (生某人的氣)

　　be away from (不在某地) be different from (與…不同)

　　be good at (善于) be good/ bad for (對…有益/有害) be interested in (對…感興趣) be late for (遲到) be/get ready for (為作好準備) be sure of (對…有把握)

　　be worried about (為…感到擔憂)

　　2.介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動詞-ing形式

　　1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well.

　　3.幾組易混淆的介詞

　　A. "在...之后" in + 一段時間(用于一般將來時)

　　after + 一段時間(用于一般過去時) after + 一點時間(常用于一般將來時)

　　如:The baby stopped crying after half an hour.

　　The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.

　　B. for +一段時間 since +過去的一點時間

　　這兩者均用于現在完成時,具體在時態(tài)部分,我會繼續(xù)向同學們講解。

　　C. be made of "用……制成" be made in "由某地制造"be made by somebody "由某人制成"

　　D. in, on, at表時間 in "在某月(季節(jié)、年)等" eg:in 1996, in January, in summer

　　固定詞組:in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end

　　on "用于指具體的某一天或專指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"

　　eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16

　　at "用于具體時刻前和某些固定詞組中"

　　固定詞組:at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意:在表時間里,下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞 。 如:不能說 in tomorrow ,只能說 tomorrow 在明天

　　E. except +賓格/doing something "除…之外" (不包括本身)

　　Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同義句轉換) =Only Lin Tao isn‘t at school today.

　　F. "用" 通過交通工具 by plane

　　用語言 in English 通過媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV

　　用工具手段 with a pen, with one‘s hands

　　G. between "在~和~(兩者)之間"

　　between...and..., between the two... among 在...之間(三者或三者以上)

　　eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over

　　二、 連詞

　　1.并列連詞 both…and 既~又~謂語用復數動詞

　　neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意義,(就近原則)謂語動詞由靠近它的那個主語來決定單復數。 either…or… "或者 …或者…""不是…就是…"

　　and"和" 連接兩個并列成分,連接謂語時,兩個動詞時態(tài)應一致。

　　but "但是" 表轉折,不能與 though 同時出現在句中。

　　or "或者"在否定句中,并列句中的列舉常用 or,而不用 and。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I don‘t have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.

　　2.引導賓語從句的連詞

　　陳述句:that 可省略 一般疑問句:if /whether "是否" 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞

　　3.引導原因狀從的有:because (不能與so同時出現在句中)

　　4.引導時間狀語從句的連詞:

　　A. when(當…時候),as soon as…(一…就),not…until(直到…才),after(在…之后),引導的主從復合句,主句為一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時來代替一般將來時。 Eg: I won‘t leave until he comes back.

　　B. since(自從…以來)引導的主從復合句,主句為現在完成時,從句用一般過去時。 Eg:We haven‘t met each other since she left here last year.

　　C. while(當…時候,一邊…一邊…)它引導的時間狀語從句常用進行時態(tài)。

　　Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.

　　5.引導條件狀語從句的連詞: if "如果",引導條件狀從,主句用一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時。請區(qū)別于if"是否"相當于 whether,引導賓語從句,時態(tài)根據語境確定

　　eg:1)I don‘t know if it ____ (rain) tomorrow.

　　2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

　　3)Joan and Mary haven‘t seen each other_____they left school five years ago.

　　A.as B.before C.after D.since

　　三、 構詞法

　　構詞有法記無定法

　　一、利用構詞法記憶:

　　1.合成法:note+book→notebook,school+yard→schoolyard,book+mark→bookmark

　　2.派生法(即在詞根上加前、后綴記憶):

　　en-(使……有)+courage→encourage;inter-(one with another;face to face)+view→interview;foreign+er(人)→foreigner,play+er(執(zhí)行動作的人)→player,sharpen+er(執(zhí)行動作的物)→sharpener;library+(y→i)an(人)→li?brarian;miss(v.)+ing→missing(adj.),probable(adj.)+(l)y→probably(adv.),sad(adj.)+ly→sadly(adv.);compose(v.)+(e→i)tion→composition(n.),inform(v.)+(a)tion→information(n.)

　　3.轉化法: know(v.)→knowledge(n.)

　　二、意義關聯幫你記憶:

　　dictionary-words,umbrella-rain,library-book-shelf,kitchen-cook

　　三、英英解釋,溫故知新:

　　abroad-in or to another country,overseas;interview-meeting with sb.

　　說說記憶單詞的方法

　　詞是構成句子的重要元素,詞匯量的多少在英語學習中占有重要地位。今天我們講講怎樣記憶單詞。

　　一、把單詞放入句子中,在一定的語言環(huán)境中記憶單詞。如果一旦忘記詞義,就回憶它所在的句子。很多成績較好的同學都有一個體會,抓住對句子的理解和背誦這樣一個關鍵,記憶單詞一般來說是毫不費力的。

　　二、將單詞按歸類的方法進行記憶。把同義詞歸成一類,如 learn--study,between--among;反義詞歸成一類,如 left--right,high--low,strong--weak;或根據含義和用途把同一類型的詞歸成一類,如交通工具類:car,bus,ship,plane,truck,…學科類:maths,science,art,geogra?phy,…頻度副詞類:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,…等等。這樣當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現的就是一組詞,這樣記憶單詞的效率就會大大提高。同時,還可以掌握詞與詞之間的區(qū)別和各自特殊的用法,將平時極易混淆的單詞清楚地區(qū)別開來。

　　三、利用構詞法記憶單詞。比如 happy(幸福的),加前綴"un"成為 unhappy(不幸福的),改"y"為"i"加后綴"ness"則變成了名詞:happiness(幸福);"pea(豌豆)"與"nut(堅果)"可合成為"peanut(花生)";when(何時)+ever(在任何時候)=whenever(無論什么時候)等等。

　　四、根據記憶與遺忘的規(guī)律來記憶單詞,即應及時在第二天、第三天甚至以后再讀第一天記憶的單詞,定期作階級性的復習,同遺忘作斗爭。要記憶單詞就不能怕重復,重復也是記憶的一種好方法。

　　五、初中階段還有一個很實用的記憶單詞的好方法就是根據音標即單詞讀音來記單詞。只要你首先根據音標把一個單詞讀準、讀對,那么就可根據其讀音基本拼寫出該單詞。首先這要掌握一定的拼讀規(guī)則。比如"dirty",根據音標我們就能拼寫出d-ir-t-y(在非重讀音節(jié)中發(fā)[i])。這種方法對于記憶字母較多的單詞尤其有效,如"contribution",根據音標我們可把它分成四部分來記憶:con-tri-bu-tion,這樣就能較快地記住單詞。

　　以系統(tǒng)的方式來學習記憶知識能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背單詞時我們一定要留心觀察,尋找詞與詞之間的關系,這樣將有助于我們記憶單詞。總之,只要我們掌握一些科學的方法,并用心去記憶,就一定能記住英語單詞。

　　合成形容詞

　　英語中有許多種形式的合成形容詞,僅在初中階段需要學習使用的就達九種。現分述如下:

　　1.數詞+單數名詞。

　　如:20-minute 20分鐘的 It‘s 20-minute walk.步行20分鐘的路程。 second-class 二等的 That‘s the second-class room. 那是個二等房間。 500-word 五百字的

　　This is a 500-word composition. 這是一篇五百字的文章。

　　2.數詞+單數名詞+形容詞。

　　如:8-year-old 八歲的 Mr Green has an 8-year-old child. 格林先生有個八歲的孩子。

　　3.數詞+名詞的ed形式。如:three-legged 三條腿的 Tom bought a three-legged table yesterday. 昨天湯姆買了一張三條腿的桌子。

　　4.形容詞+名詞。如:

　　round-trip來回的;往返的 Do you need a round-trip ticket﹖ 你想要一張往返的車票嗎?

　　part-time 非全部工作時間的;兼職的He found a part-time job. 他找到了一份額外的工作。

　　5.形容詞+名詞的ed形式。

　　如:kind-hearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kind-hearted. 圣誕老人的心腸非常好。

　　6.名詞+過去分詞。如:man-made人造的

　　China has sent up many man-made satellites. 中國已發(fā)射了許多人造衛(wèi)星。

　　7.名詞+名詞的ed形式。如:glass-topped帶有玻璃罩的

　　I want to own a glass-topped table. 我想要一張帶有玻璃罩的桌子。

　　8.副詞+過去分詞。如:so-called所謂的

　　I don‘t like those so-called singers. 我不喜歡那些所謂的歌星。

　　9.副詞+副詞。

　　如:so-so馬馬虎虎;不好不壞的 My English is just so-so. 我的英語很一般。.

　　Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前綴 例詞 派生詞

　　un-"不" happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly

　　im-"不" possible impossible 后綴 例詞 派生詞 -er"人" teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e結尾,-r) run runner(重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫-er)

　　win winner travel traveller -or"人" invent inventor visit visitor

　　-ly(副詞后綴)

　　bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily

　　deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily

　　slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly

　　特例: true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly

　　-ful(形容詞后綴) care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful

　　-y (形容詞后綴)

　　rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e結尾,去e,加-y)

　　snow snowy sun sunny (雙寫,加-y) wind windy

　　-ion(名詞后綴) invent invention operate operation

　　-ness(名詞后綴) busy business good goodness

　　一些特例:

　　動詞 形容詞 動詞 現在分詞轉化為名詞

　　sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building

　　enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing

　　名詞 形容詞 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning

　　south southern shop shopping wool woolen

　　danger dangerous 動詞 過去分詞轉為形容詞 difference different fry

　　fried worry worried

　　動詞 名詞 break broken know knowledge lose lost

　　fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured

　　名詞 名詞 動詞 現在分詞、過去分詞轉為形容詞

　　farm farmer 農夫 follow following interest interested"感興趣的" 只作表語,僅用于be interested in develop interesting "有趣的" 可作表語和定語 developed "發(fā)達的" developing "發(fā)展中的"

　　練習題 1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.

　　A. from B. to C. in D. with

　　2、They will have an English test___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after

　　3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to

　　4、I haven ‘t heard _______ her _____ she left home.

　　A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as

　　5、Tom didn‘t know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.

　　A. how B. weather C. whether D. what

　　6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.

　　7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.

　　8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.

　　思考題

　　1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn‘t fall asleep.

　　A. very…to B. too…to C. so…that D.neither…nor

　　2、Work hard, ___you won‘t catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or

　　3、The game is very ___ and she‘s ___ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested

　　C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested