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重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)
一、重點(diǎn)是：
(1)常見的構(gòu)詞法
1)合成詞：合成詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的詞。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(報(bào)紙)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(鉛筆盒)。
2)派生詞：派生詞是由詞根加派生詞綴構(gòu)成的詞，詞根是派生詞的基礎(chǔ)，同一詞根加不同的派生詞綴可以表示不同的意義，還可以表示不同的詞的詞性。
動(dòng)詞變名詞：+后綴er drive(駕駛)——driver(駕駛員)
teach(教)——teacher(教師)
read(閱讀)——reader(讀者)
+后綴or invent(發(fā)明)——inventor(發(fā)明家)
visit(訪問)——visitor(訪問者)
+后綴tion invent(發(fā)明)——invention(發(fā)明)
operate(手術(shù))——operation(手術(shù))
名詞變形容詞：+后綴y wind(風(fēng))——windy(刮風(fēng)的)
sun(太陽(yáng))——sunny(晴朗的)
+后綴ful help(幫助)——helpful(有幫助的)
care(小心)——careful(小心的)
+后綴ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)
形容詞變名詞：+后綴ness good(好的)——goodness(善良，美德)
kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)
形容詞變副詞：+后綴ly bad(壞的)——badly(糟糕地)
quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)
改變?cè)~義：+前綴un happy(高興的)——unhappy(不高興的)
usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)
3)轉(zhuǎn)化詞：轉(zhuǎn)化詞是指由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用作另一種詞類的詞。例如：
hand(n .)手， hand(v .)傳遞， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干
[說(shuō)明]初中總復(fù)習(xí)中，詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)十分重要。掌握單詞和詞組的用法是學(xué)好語(yǔ)言的前提之一。沒有一定的詞匯量，不掌握詞語(yǔ)的基本用法，就失去了英語(yǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，也就更談不上靈活運(yùn)用和綜合分析能力了。(2)詞形變化
英語(yǔ)詞匯的詞形變化除了前面講的詞根+派生詞綴構(gòu)成的派生詞的變化外，還存在有一些單詞詞尾的屈折變化，它們是：
1)表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞形變化。例如：
hand—hands(手) picture—pictures(圖片)
knife—knives(小刀) city—cities(城市)
2)表示形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞形變化。例如：
cheap—cheaper—cheapest(便宜的)
late—later—latest(遲來(lái)的，遲來(lái)地)
early—earlier—earliest(早的、早地)
3)表示動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)的詞形變化。例如：
clean—cleans(打掃) catch—catches(按住) carry—carries(攜帶)
4)表示動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)和-ed分詞的詞形變化。例如：
catch—catched(捉住) carry—carried(搬運(yùn))
close—closea(關(guān)閉) stop—stopped(阻止)
5)表示動(dòng)詞-ing分詞的詞形變化。例如：
walk—walking(走) make—making(做) sit—sitting(坐)
二、難點(diǎn)是：如何運(yùn)用詞或詞組。三、考點(diǎn)是：(1)單詞拼寫。(2)詞形變化。(3)對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的理解運(yùn)用和相似詞語(yǔ)的辨析。有關(guān)詞匯的考題在中考中有10分左右。
【經(jīng)典范例引路】
例1按要求寫出下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式。
1 .Well(最高級(jí))_______________ 2.begin(現(xiàn)在分詞)____________
3 .busy(反義詞)_______________ 4.he(反身代詞)_______________
(2001年甘肅省中考題)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是對(duì)詞形變化和單詞的正確拼寫的考查。要正確解答，應(yīng)熟練掌握規(guī)律性的變化形式，并牢固記憶一些特殊的詞形變化。第1小題是考查副詞的最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。well的最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化，為best。第2小題是考查現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成為：(1)直接在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ing。(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e ,再加-ing。(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫這一輔音字母，再加-ing。此題符合第三條。故答案為beginning。第3小題是考查詞義及單詞拼寫。busy意為“繁忙的，忙的”它的反義詞應(yīng)為“空閑的，閑的”free。故答案為free。第4小題是考查人稱代詞對(duì)應(yīng)的反身代詞。答案為himself。
例2選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同或相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。
( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered .
A .visited B .gave a message to C .told D .phoned
( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family .
A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times
( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well .
A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last
( )4 .—Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter .
—That’s all right . I’ll post it myself.
A .Never think about it B .It doesn’t matter
C .Don’t be sorry D .I don’t care
( )5 .—Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ?
—Hold on , please .
A .Speak louder B .Wait a moment
C .Call again D .Speak out
(2001年河北省中考題)
簡(jiǎn)析：選出能替換劃線部分的選項(xiàng)，這是一種常見題型。做此類題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)弄懂句意，特別是劃線部分意思，以及各選項(xiàng)的意思。(2)能替換劃線部分的選項(xiàng)與劃線部分意思要相同。(3)選項(xiàng)與劃線部分在句法功能上保持一致。第1小題劃線部分called后接him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思，為“給……打電話”。A選項(xiàng)意為“訪問”，B選項(xiàng)意為“給……捎口信”，C選項(xiàng)意為“告訴”，只有選項(xiàng)D .phoned意人“給……打電話”，與劃線部分意思相同。且phoned與called的句法功能也相同。故答案為D。第2小題劃線部分sometimes意為“有時(shí)，某時(shí)”。A選項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)意為“一直總是”，C選項(xiàng)意為“有時(shí)，某時(shí)”，D選項(xiàng)意為“許多次”。故答案為C。第3小題劃線部分in the end意為“最后，終于”。A選項(xiàng)意為“起初，開始”，B選項(xiàng)意為“在開始時(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)意為“在末尾”，D選項(xiàng)為“最后，終于”。故答案為D。第4小題劃線部分That’s all right在此處意為“不要緊，沒關(guān)系”，用來(lái)回答別人道歉的用語(yǔ)。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有It doesn’t matter與That’s all right意義相同。故答案為B。第5小題劃線部分Hold on在此處意為“等一會(huì)兒”，是打電話時(shí)的交際用語(yǔ)。只有wait a moment與Hold on 意義相同，故答案為B。例3 單項(xiàng)選擇。
( )1 .Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_______like ball games . (2001年上海市中考題)
A .the others B .others C .the other D .other
( )2 .—Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)
—Yes , but only_______ .
A .little B .few C .a little D .a few
( )3 .Don’t worry ,I’ll take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考題)
A .for B .of C. with D .to
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查詞語(yǔ)意義和用法上的區(qū)別，以及詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配。在做此類題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意：(1)先讀懂題意，找出考查點(diǎn)。(2)觀察分析空格與它的前后部分的聯(lián)系及空格在句中的句法功能。(3)根據(jù)題意及分析結(jié)果，對(duì)比所有選項(xiàng)，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。(4)對(duì)于難度較大、很難直接從正面找到答案，就可采用排除法——根據(jù)題意和所學(xué)知識(shí)排除錯(cuò)誤答案。剩下的便是正確答案。第1小題是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other這四者在意義和用法上的區(qū)別：the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人(物)”而others泛指“其余的人(物)”它常和some對(duì)比使用，即“some . . .others . . .”，the other特指“(兩個(gè)中的)另一個(gè)”，other泛指“另一個(gè)”。故答案為B。第2小題是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法：某一語(yǔ)言不可數(shù)，因此B、D兩選項(xiàng)不成立。而little是表示否定意義，a little表示肯定意義。根據(jù)題干的意思應(yīng)為肯定，故答案為C。第3小題是考查take care of這一固定詞組。故答案為B。
【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】
�、� .從下列A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出恰當(dāng)?shù)淖帜富蜃帜附M合使單詞完整正確。
( )1 .q ter A .ar B .or C .wor D .uar
( )2 .know ge A .led B .lid C .lad D .le
( )3 .Sat day A .er B .ir C .ur D .or
( )4 .po ble A .si B .ssi C .se D .sse
( )5 .lang ge A .wi B .wa C .ue D .ua
( )6 .gr nd A .ou B .au C .oa D .ua
( )7 .d ghter A .on B .au C .or D .ua
( )8 .b t ful A .u ;e B .eu ;i C .eau ;e D .eau ;i
( )9 .p c A .e ;cher B .i ;ture C .i ;cher D .e ;ture
( )10 .d ction ry A .e ;e B .i ;e C .e ;a D .i ;a
Ⅱ .下列每組單詞中，有一個(gè)單詞有拼寫錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出。
( )1 .A .caught B .braught C .taught D .bought
( )2 .A .has B .having C .had D .haved
( )3 .A .reech B .sweater C .street D .teacher
( )4 .A .Japanese B .machine C .polece D .writer
( )5 .A .care B .wear C .their D .pare
( )6 .A .afraid B .radio C .almist D .Canadian
( )7 .A .foreign B .friend C .quietly D .piece
( )8 .A .ladder B .bottler C .danger D .farther
( )9 .A .dirty B .piano C .Wenesday D .twelfth
( )10 .A .suddenly B .subject C .sunshine D .studentⅢ .根據(jù)所給英語(yǔ)釋義寫出單詞(首字母已給出)。
1 .become a member of j
2 .have (clothes) on the body w
3 .almost not h
4 .not any ,no one n
5 .at last f
6 .the fourth day of a week W
7 .the opposite of cheap e
8 .father or mother p
9 .ice box f
10 .go in a car or on a horse or a bike r
�、� .根據(jù)句意和音標(biāo)寫單詞。
1 .His sister is a [li :g] member.
2 .Our teacher often [pleiz] games with us.
3 .Bell [in′ventid] the telephone.
4 .Do you [bi′li :v] what he said ?
5 .What’s the [′we ] like today ?
6 .They started climbing the [′mauntin].
7 . [ u] he was ill ,he went to school.
8 .It took 300 workers a year to [bild] the railway bridge.
9 .By the end of last month the writer had [′ritn] 250 pages.
10 .I will go shopping if I have [′n θi ] to do this Sunday.
�、� .用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1 .“Thank you ,”he said (polite).
2 .Children must be stopped from (skate) on thin ice .
3 .She spends one hour (watch) TV every day .
4 .Keep (quietly) !They are listening to the teacher .
5 .Would you please say it again more (loud) ?
6 .Keep on (work) hard ,or you’ll fall behind other students .
7 .I’ve been on the Great Wall (two) .
8 .Thank you for (lend) me the story book .
9 .I often write “Best (wish) for Teachers’ Day !”on the cards .
10 .Meimei did (badly) than Lucy in the high jump .
11 .After ten minutes’ rest ,they went on (walk) .
12 .I saw a wallet (lie) on the ground on my way home .
13 .There is a fire (burn) in the fireplace .
14 . (pick) apples is better than (have) classes .
15 .They went to the park instead of (stay) at home last Saturday .
16 .“See you” is another way of (say) “Goodbye” .
17 .They enjoy (take) a walk after supper .
18 .I don’t feel like (eat) anything now .
19 .The teachers are busy (get) ready for tomorrow’s work.
20 .Don’t forget to take the (shop) list with you.【創(chuàng)新備考訓(xùn)練】(選自2001年各地中考題)
�、� .根據(jù)句意，選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同或相近的解釋。
1 .We are very glad to hear the good news .
A .sorry B .sad C .pleased
2 .I will go to see my grandma this evening .
A .visit B .move C .watch
3 .They have a lot of apples and bananas in the basket .
A .some B .many C .much
4 .Alice will go shopping with her aunt tomorrow .
A .buy something B .borrow books C .wash clothes
5 .The little boy is good at drawing .
A .is poor at B .is slow at C .does well in
6 .What are the boys doing ?They are at work .
A .are workers B .work here C .are working
7 .We were busy last week ,so we had a little rest .
A .a small B .a short C .a few
8 .Mrs Green usually goes for a walk after supper .
A .has a walk B .walks around C .wants a walk
9 .Jim arrived at the farm early.
A .got on B .got up C .got to
10 .My grandma bought a big birthday present for both of us.
A .both us B .we both C .us both
11 .—Hello ,may I speak to Mr. White ,please ?
—Hold on for a moment ,please .
A .Wait B .Sit C .Stop
12 .It’s really difficult to learn maths well .
A .wrong B .easy C .hard
13 .Bob is very strong .He is able to carry the box.
A .must B .can C .need
14 .Han Meimei has a few American friends .
A .many B .some C .no
15 .We are happy to see you again .
A .worried B .sad C .pleasedⅦ .根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示，在下列各句空缺處寫出各單詞的正確形式。
1 .Can you answer my (三) question in English ?
2 .Mary did (差) in the exam than Lucy .
3 .Look !They are talking (高興) in the room .
4 .I (駕駛) my car to Beijing last summer .
5 .My house is not far from my (叔叔) .
6 .The sun is (照耀) brightly in the sky .
7 .They will bring some (土豆) for a picnic tomorrow .
8 .He gets on very well with his (父母) .
9 .I like (淺) colours ,for example ,white .
10 .Mr Wang (搬遷) here last week .He is a new comer .
11 .I usually go to work on (步行) .
12 .There are ten (班級(jí)) in our grade .
13 .Lucy studies (努力地) than Lily
14 .Mr Smith will give us a talk at the (會(huì)議) .
15 .—Excuse me ,may I (借) your eraser ?
—Certainly .here you are .
16 .It is an (容易的) question .I can answer it .
17 .He won’t do it .I won’t do it , (也) .
18 .Is there a (書桌) in your room ?
19 .Your hands are so (臟的) again .Go and wash them .
20 .They have planted more than two (千) young trees this spring .
�、� .根據(jù)句子的意思和首字母提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使句子的意思連貫與正確。
1 .Whose is this T-shirt ?It isn’t m .It’s hers .
2 .This bag is big .Please give me a s one .
3 .My father works in a hospital .He is a d .
4 .April is the f month of the year .
5 .When the lights are g ,the traffic can go .
6 .Fifteen minutes is a q .
7 .September 10th is T Day .
8 .C is spoken by the largest number of people in the world .
9 .When s comes ,everything begins to grow .It’s my favourite season of the year .
10 .—Pardon ,doctor ?
—I said ,“Take the m three times a day ,and you’ll be well soon .”
11 .Mr Turner liked visiting some places of great interest ,but he didn’t want to s too much money .
12 .—Have you watched the seven o’clock CCTV news report ?
—Yes .There is a lot of i news in it .
13 .You look w .What’s wrong with you ?
14 .—Do you mind cleaning your room ?It’s very d .
—Certainly not .I’ll do it as soon as possible .[參考答案]
綜合能力訓(xùn)練
�、� .1—5 DACBD 6—10 ABDBD Ⅱ .1—5 BDACD 6—10 CABCC Ⅲ .1 .join 2 .wear 3 .hardly 4 .none 5 .finally 6 .Wednesday 7 .expensive 8 .parent 9 .fridge 10 .ride Ⅳ . 1 .League 2 .plays 3 .invented 4 .believe 5 .weather 6 .mountain 7 .Though 8 .build 9 .written 10 .nothing Ⅴ .1 .politely 2 .skating 3 .watching 4 .quiet 5 .loudly 6 .working 7 .twice 8 .lending 9 .wishes 10 .worse 11 .walking 12 .lying 13 .burning 14 .Picking ;having 15 .staying 16 .saying 17 .taking 18 .eating 19 .getting 20 .shopping
創(chuàng)新備考訓(xùn)練
�、� . 1 .C 2 .A 3 .B 4 .A 5 .C 6 .C 7 .B 8 .A 9 .C 10 .C 11 .A 12 .C 13 .B 14 .B 15 .C Ⅶ . 1 .third 2 .worse 3 .happily 4 .drove 5 .uncle’s 6 .shining 7 .potatoes 8 .parents 9 .light 10 .moved 11 .foot 12 .classes 13 .harder 14 .meeting 15 .borrow 16 .easy 17 .either 18 .desk 19 .dirty 20 .thousand Ⅷ .1 .mine 2 .small 3 .doctor 4 .fourth 5 .green 6 .quarter 7 .Teacher’s 8 .Chinese 9 .spring 10 .medicine 11 .spend 12 .important/interesting 13 .worried/weak 14 .dirty
