2014中考英語(yǔ)必備：計(jì)量表達(dá)法

　　1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：how long，since，for，until / till等所在肯定句中的主句謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(以下劃線(xiàn)部分)： We have been in Zhengzhou for ten years。

　　How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002.

　　Let’s wait until he comes back.. 但否定句中可用短暫性動(dòng)詞，如下面的see與leave：

　　I haven’t seen you for a long time. They won’t leave until it stops raining。

　　另外，請(qǐng)觀(guān)察以下短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)表達(dá)：

　　lose →be lost. start / begin to do→do go off→be off

　　start, begin→be on turn on→be on move to→live in

　　end→be over get, buy→have, own borrow→keep

　　die→be dead go out→be out fall asleep→be asleep

　　get / become + adj →be + adj. open(動(dòng)詞，“打開(kāi)”) →be open(形容詞，表狀態(tài))

　　arrive in, get to, reach→be in, stay in leave, go away (from)→be away (from)

　　如以下例子的劃線(xiàn)部分(并注意黑體部分的變化)：

　　The dog died five hours ago. →The dog has been dead for five hours。

　　I lost my dictionary two weeks ago. →My dictionary has been lost since two weeks ago。

　　He began to teach English last year. →.He has taught English for one year。

　　Lucy arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. →Lucy has been in Beijing for two days。

　　I bought this bike six months ago. →I have owned this book since six months ago。

　　My friend borrowed the book last month. →My friend has kept the book for a month。

　　He left Beijing in 1990. →He has been away from Beijing since 1990.

　　(注意以上的“for + 時(shí)間段”與“since + 時(shí)間段 + ago”或“since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”可互換)

　　2.all / each / both / none / either / neither不定代詞或形容詞的用法：

　　1All boys / All of the boys are from China. (all 若接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。)

　　All of the water is polluted. (若接不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。)

　　2Each boy / Each of the boys has a different bag。

　　each接名詞單數(shù)或接of + 限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)，其后謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)。

　　3Both of the twins are clever. 后面謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　4None of the students has / have been there before。

　　none +of +限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)， 謂語(yǔ)用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可。另見(jiàn)88.

　　5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

　　-Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

　　-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　【 all / each / none分別指三者或更多中的“都” / “每一個(gè)”/“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”。

　　both / either / neither分別指兩者中“都”/“任何一個(gè)”/“沒(méi)有一個(gè)” 】

　　3.計(jì)量表達(dá)法：數(shù)量+單位+形容詞。 The street is two kilometers long。

　　That boy can jump four meters away。(此處不用far, 見(jiàn)49) The fish is five kilos heavy。

　　The street is forty meters wide. This baby is only six months old。

　　若計(jì)量表達(dá)的后面跟有名詞，則要用連字符，單位不用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　They dug an eight-meter-deep hole. /. I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish。

　　It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice. / They built a 50-meter-wide street。

　　It’s a two-month holiday. She is a three-child mother. (最后兩句計(jì)量中省略了形容詞)

　　4. Must I / May I / Need I …? 用法：1Must I …? “我必須…嗎?”

　　A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t。

　　2 Need I…? “我有必要…嗎?”或“我需要…嗎?”

　　A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t。

　　3 May I …? “我可以…嗎?”表示請(qǐng)求。

　　A: May I go out for a walk now? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn’t / can’t。

　　5.hundred / thousand / million / billion: 前有具體數(shù)字，這些詞不加s及of. 如：

　　nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。

　　這些詞前若無(wú)具體數(shù)字，后加s和of. 如：

　　thousands of trees; many millions of people; hundreds of cars; billions of stars

　　但前若有several, 后常不加s和of：several million pounds

　　6.反意疑問(wèn)句 (此處用QT表示反意疑問(wèn)句后一部分內(nèi)容) 的部分用法：

　　1something, nothing, anything, everything作主語(yǔ)，QT主語(yǔ)用it。

　　Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it?

　　2當(dāng)主句中think的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，QT要結(jié)合think后的從句而定：

　　I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she?

　　I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?

　　3祈使句的QT一般用will you?(包括let us …。。)， 而Let’s …用shall we?

　　Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you?

　　Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Don’t talk in class, will you?

　　Let’s do it now, shall we? Let’s sing a song, shall we?

　　4There be句型，QT主語(yǔ)用there。

　　There is a man working in the field, isn’t there?

　　There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’t there?

　　There won’t be a movie in the theatre, will there?

　　7.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行為，是短暫動(dòng)詞。

　　You should put on your coat when you leave。

　　2wear,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

　　He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. I like wearing beautiful clothes。

　　3dress, “給…穿衣”后接人。You can dress yourself, baby。

　　Lucy is dressing her little brother now。

　　be dressed in后常接具有某種特征的衣物。也可直接加表示顏色的詞。

　　The lady is dressed in a white skirt. The students are all dressed in yellow。

　　get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接賓語(yǔ)： He went out as soon as he got dressed。

　　dress up (as) .。�！把b扮(成)....。�！� He dressed up as a clown. 他裝扮成小丑。

　　4in, “穿著”后接具有某種特征的衣物，表狀態(tài)，是介詞，不可作謂語(yǔ)，可作狀語(yǔ)。

　　也可以直接加表示顏色的詞。 The woman in a white skirt is my teacher。

　　Do you know the girl in a red coat? (你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿著紅外套的姑娘嗎?)

　　I want to talk to the boy in black. (我想找那個(gè)穿著黑衣服的男孩談?wù)劇?

　　8.虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分用法：在非真實(shí)條件句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即if 從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句動(dòng)詞用would / should + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示與現(xiàn)在相反的主觀(guān)設(shè)想，也可以表示在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的情況。(注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的be動(dòng)詞都要用were。)

　　If there were no air, people would die. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

　　If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小)

　　9.other / others / the other / the others / another:

　　1如果不特定指出哪一個(gè)，是泛指，“另一個(gè)”要用another, 后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。

　　If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea。

　　(沒(méi)特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是單數(shù)。)

　　another也可+數(shù)字+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)：The meeting will last another two hours. (再持續(xù)兩小時(shí))

　　We need another six desks. (此處兩句分別相當(dāng)于：two more hours; six more desks。)

　　2如果只有兩個(gè)或只有兩部分，就給出了范圍，其中另一個(gè)或另一部分是特指 (other前有the。)， 有如下用法：

　　第一種，所說(shuō)內(nèi)容只有兩個(gè)：

　　Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有兩個(gè)，用the other, 不加s, 后面名詞可省略�！坑秩纾篢his pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. “這雙鞋子很怪，一只藍(lán)色，而另一只綠色�！�

　　第二種，只有兩部分：此種情況下the other后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或不接名詞而只在the other后加s. Two children went there, but the other children / the others stayed。

　　Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students / the others are girls。

　　3如果沒(méi)有顯示出只有兩部分，未給出范圍，則是泛指，不加the。

　　Lei Feng liked helping other people / others. Do you have any other questions?

　　Alice didn’t like that dress, so she asked to see some others。

　　4other的另一用法：用比較級(jí)的形式，體現(xiàn)最高級(jí)的含義。

　　He is taller than any other boy in his class. (劃線(xiàn)中boy常用單數(shù)) =

　　He is taller than all ( of ) the other boys in his class. (劃線(xiàn)中boy用復(fù)數(shù))

　　他比班里任何男孩都高(他是班里男孩中最高的)。

　　10.how long / how often / how soon / how far: 1how long 是對(duì)長(zhǎng)度或時(shí)間段提問(wèn)。

　　How long is the river? -It’s 5,000 kilometers long. (對(duì)長(zhǎng)度提問(wèn))

　　How long have you lived there? -For five months. / Since 2002. (對(duì)時(shí)間段提問(wèn))

　　2how often是對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week,

　　twice a day, three times a year, every day / year / month / week等。

　　How often do you watch TV? -Every two days. / Twice a week. / Sometimes。

　　【若只有次數(shù)，則用how many times 提問(wèn)：

　　How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】

　　3how soon 是對(duì)“in + 時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)：

　　How soon will you return to Beijing? -In a week./ In two days。

　　4how far是對(duì)以下三種表達(dá)法的提問(wèn)：

　　—How far is it from your home to the school? 有以下三種回答：

　　▲—It’s five minutes’ walk / an hour’s ride / thirteen minutes’ drive。

　　▲—It’s about 20 kilometers (far) away. (注意回答時(shí)不再用far,而用away, 或far away)

　　▲—It’s 15 minutes by bus / on foot / by train / by bike。

　　11.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)：二分之一： half a / an 或a half. 如：

　　half an hour = a half hour半小時(shí) It’s half past seven。(省略冠詞)

　　以下情況中，分子(基數(shù)詞)若超過(guò)一，分母(序數(shù)詞)需加s：

　　三分之一： a / one third 三分之二： two thirds

　　四分之一： a / one fourth 或a / one quarter

　　四分之三： three fourths或three quarters。

　　五分之一： a / one fifth 五分之二： two fifths 其它類(lèi)推。

　　若分?jǐn)?shù)所在of短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)依of后的名詞而定：

　　A third of the boys have passed the test. A third of the work has been over。

　　Two fifths of the students are on time. Two fifths of the land is polluted。

　　(of后是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);of后是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。)

　　12.到達(dá)：1get to + 地點(diǎn) get to Shanghai / London / China

　　接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，不帶to. get there / home / here。

　　2arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(如school / hospital)

　　arrive只作不及物動(dòng)詞，所以也可單獨(dú)用：Please ring me up when you arrive。

　　3reach只作及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加地點(diǎn)：reach Beijing / England

　　但常不說(shuō)reach home / there / here。

　　13.感嘆句：1What + 名詞短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!此情況下主、謂常可省略。

　　What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work (it is)! What good news (it is)!

　　What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What clever girls (you are)!

　　2How +形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)!

　　How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are!

　　How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!

　　14.because/ instead / out等與加of的區(qū)別：

　　1because 后接句子，because of 接名詞或代詞。

　　He didn’t come because he was ill. / because of his illness。

　　2instead是副詞，單獨(dú)在句尾。instead of 后要接名詞或代詞。

　　We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it。

　　3out 副詞，可單獨(dú)用，但若接地點(diǎn)，先加of。(也可作介詞， “向…外”，

　　可不加of. 一般不要求掌握。) He went out early�；騂e went out of the house early。

　　15.too much, too many與much too:

　　much too“過(guò)于”，加形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。much too big / slowly等。

　　too much“太多的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。too much work / rain等。

　　too many“太多的”，加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。too many books / people等。

　　(以上每個(gè)短語(yǔ)可依第二個(gè)詞來(lái)決定其后要接什么詞。)

　　16. alone / lonely: 1alone,“獨(dú)自一人;單獨(dú)”不含感情色彩。

　　可當(dāng)形容詞，但只在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)：Jack is alone. 杰克是單身。

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