Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes) Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/) in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1.time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2./ as a school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3.the
The traditional view of motivation in language learning is to equal human motivation with that of donkey, desire for the carrot or fear of the stick; low motivation implies lack interest or laziness. Such a view, of course, treats the 71.________ learner as essentially unwilling to learn and need to be set 72. _______ moving by some internal pressure. It clearly does not fit the 73. ________ many kinds of “self-motivated” learners, notably all pre-school children and a good many adult learners. To account 74. _______ those cases some writers distinguish two kinds of motivation, integrative and instrumental. Integrative motivation is an emotional desire to master language because one admires and wants to identify the target culture. Instrumental motivation 75. _______ is the desire to learn because one needs to speak language (or) 76. _______ pass an exam which certifies that you can speak it)in order to succeed in one’s job or gaining promotion. The second of 77. _______ these is more and less the carrot and stick re-stated as a 78. _______ “need” for the skill. Supporters of a carrot-and-stick model of motivation can point to the success of courses like those in Russian and Chinese run by the British Army at Crail. The servicemen on these courses had a relative privileged 79. _______ life with fewer parades and light discipline than the majority 80. _______ of soldiers. They knew, however, that if they failed a Saturday test they would be sent back to basic training on the Monday.