2007年初中英語(yǔ)期末總復(fù)習(xí)之詞匯篇

　　易混詞大盤點(diǎn)

　　從近年來(lái)的中考題可以看出命題者的目的都是要考查學(xué)生對(duì)一些較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)是否能掌握扎實(shí)，是否熟悉每個(gè)詞組的中文意思并能在句子中熟練運(yùn)用。要想做對(duì)以上出現(xiàn)的類似的中考考題，考生必須能總結(jié)清各種初中階段所學(xué)過的較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)，熟記所有詞組的中文意思，熟悉它們的用法和區(qū)別。為了方便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)，特將�？家谆煸~(詞組)整理

　　一、容易混淆的動(dòng)詞

　　[考試說(shuō)明] 了解及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞用法；掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)的基本用法；理解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法；初步掌握延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞在用法上的區(qū)別等。

　　[誤] He has come here for three hours.

　　[正] He came here three hours ago.

　　[正] He has been here for three hours.

　　come是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。而要與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，就要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。

　　與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

　　2. cost & take & spend & pay

　　[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

　　[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

　　[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

　　cost除了錢的花費(fèi)以外，還能表示時(shí)間上的花費(fèi)，但常用物做主語(yǔ)。spend句子主語(yǔ)是人，可指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，但后面的動(dòng)詞要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名詞短語(yǔ)，介詞用on。pay句子主語(yǔ)是人，常與for連用，buy也常與for連用，但花費(fèi)“錢”要放在介詞for后面，而pay則放在介詞for前面。

　　3. join & take part in

　　[誤] He joined the League for two years.

　　[正] He joined the League two years ago.

　　[正] He has been in the League for two years.

　　[正] He has been a League member for two years.

　　join指“參加”組織，成為一個(gè)成員，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指參加活動(dòng)特別是大的運(yùn)動(dòng)；如指“參加…多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”就要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞be in或be a …member，而不能用join。

　　4. borrow & lend & keep

　　[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.

　　[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

　　[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

　　borrow和lend是短暫性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句里不和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，keep延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　borrow意思是“借(進(jìn))”，后面跟介詞from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介詞to，lend也可用于某些成語(yǔ)中，如lend sb. a hand。

　　5. lie & lay & lain

　　[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

　　[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

　　lie有兩個(gè)意思，一個(gè)是“說(shuō)謊”，過去式和過去分詞是在詞尾加-d；另一個(gè)是“躺，臥；位于”，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式和過去分詞是lay、lain，現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。

　　lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其過去式和過去分詞是laid、laid。

　　6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

　　[誤] The table is made from wood.

　　[正] The table is made of wood.

　　be made in意思是“由……生產(chǎn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上能看出原料，制成物沒改變?cè)�料的本質(zhì)；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改變?cè)�料的本質(zhì)；be made up of意思是“由……構(gòu)成或組成”，指人或物都可，指結(jié)構(gòu)成分。

　　7. stop to do & stop doing

　　[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

　　[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

　　[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

　　[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

　　stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”，帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，帶-ing形式的動(dòng)名詞在句子中作賓語(yǔ)。