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  三、容易混淆的形容詞:

  [考試說明] 熟練掌握形容詞作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法;熟練掌握表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因等疑問副詞的用法;熟練掌握形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和good、well、many、much等不規(guī)則變化;掌握l(shuí)ittle、far、ill、bad、badly等不規(guī)則變化;能熟練運(yùn)用下列句型表示兩者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比較;初步掌握用much、little等副詞在用法上的區(qū)別。

any & some

  [誤] Have you got some money with you?

  [正] Have you got any money with you?

  [誤] Would you like any milk?

  [正] Would you like some milk?

  any和some意思是“一些”,用作定語(yǔ),可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。any多用于否定句和疑問句,some多用于肯定句。

  但如果說話人表示“請(qǐng)求,提議”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意義時(shí),some也可用在疑問句中;some還可用于單數(shù)名詞前,表示未知或說話人不想特別說明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某個(gè)”。

  如果表示“任何,無(wú)論哪個(gè)”時(shí),any可用在肯定句中。

  2. either & each & both & neither & every

  [誤] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

  [誤] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

  [誤] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

  [誤] Every student has not finished their homework.

  [正] No student has finished their homework.

  either意思是“兩者之一的”,each意思是“任意一個(gè)的”,neither意思是“兩者都不的”,every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,意思是“個(gè)個(gè)”。

  3. few/little & a few /a little

  [誤] Sorry, I have few money on me.

  [正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

  [誤] Her books are few.

  [正] She has few books.

  [誤] The work needs a few number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a small number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a few workers.

  few后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),little后跟不可數(shù)名詞,都表示“幾乎沒有”的否定性意思;a few和a little區(qū)別也在于前者跟可數(shù)名詞,后者跟不可數(shù)名詞,都表示“有幾個(gè)”的肯定性意思。

  4. no & not

  no意思是“沒有”,可以否定一切名詞,修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)等于not any,修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)等于not a/an;如果被修飾的名詞通常情況下只有一個(gè),則用它的單數(shù)形式;不能用a、the、all、every等限制詞之前,而not可以。

  not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切動(dòng)詞,修飾動(dòng)詞。

  no more than意思是“不過,僅僅”,相當(dāng)于only,修飾“數(shù)量”詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)“少”的含義;not more than意思是“至多,不多于,不超過”,用于陳述事實(shí);no more…than和not more…than多用于多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)。

  5. already & yet & still

  [誤] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off yet.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

  already意思是“已經(jīng)”,一般用于肯定句,常與完成時(shí)連用,常用于句中;yet意思是“已經(jīng),還”,一般用于否定句和疑問句,常用于句末;still意思是“仍然,還是”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句,常用于句中。

  6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor

  [誤] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did his.

  [正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.

  also用于肯定句,一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之前、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞之后,too一般用于肯定句末,前面常用逗號(hào);either一般用于否定句末,前面也用逗號(hào);so置于句首,引起句子倒裝,表示前面所講的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物,具有否定的意思;so后的主語(yǔ)與前一句主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),后面的主謂不倒裝,表示“確實(shí)如此”;neither置于句首,引起句子倒裝,表示前面所講的情況不適用于另一個(gè)人或物,具有否定的意思;nor常與not連用,表示“也不”,neither和nor都可用來(lái)對(duì)前面的否定陳述加以補(bǔ)充,如果補(bǔ)充的成分否定的不是同一事物,同一內(nèi)容,就只能用nor,不可用neither;當(dāng)否定的并列分句有兩個(gè)以上時(shí),只能用nor,因?yàn)閚either只能指兩者中的一個(gè),nor指三個(gè)以上的另一個(gè)。

  7. sometimes & sometime & some time & some times

  [誤] You can only keep the book for sometime.

  [正] You can only keep the book for some time.

  sometimes是頻度副詞,意思是“有時(shí),不時(shí)”,常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)連用;sometime是副詞,意思是“在某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間,在某個(gè)時(shí)候,某時(shí)”,可與將來(lái)時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用;some time是名詞詞組,意思是“一段時(shí)間”,做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也可用作副詞詞組,用來(lái)指一個(gè)未肯定的時(shí)刻,常指將來(lái),此時(shí)可與sometime通用;some times是名詞詞組,意思是“幾次,幾倍”。

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