2012年12月英語四級閱讀全攻略：語義題解題思路

　　語義題：

　　題型科普：四級閱讀必考題型。08年5道語義題。09年2道語義題。10年4道語義題。11年1道語義題。平均來講每次四級考試中會有1-2道語義題。

　　題型形式：語義題一般就原文中一個有特殊含義的單詞，詞組或句子進(jìn)行提問，題目形式非常有特點(diǎn)。

　　如：By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

　　[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world

　　[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia

　　[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　　[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research

　　解題思路：

　　整體來講，語義題屬于四級閱讀中偏難的題目。因?yàn)榧热粏柕揭粋�單詞詞組或句子的意思，那正確答案就必然不能從原文本身來找尋。個別語義題需要進(jìn)行語義理解甚至一步簡單推斷。但還是有一些語義題是能夠有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的做題思路的，即：

　　結(jié)合上下句，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折和解釋說明部分。

　　這個思路包含三方面內(nèi)容，分別展開講解。

　　1.結(jié)合上下句。

　　語義題所提問的單詞詞組或句子一般同學(xué)都不認(rèn)識，即使認(rèn)識，正確答案也未必是同學(xué)認(rèn)識的含義。這種題的目的就是希望同學(xué)能結(jié)合上下句，來理解不認(rèn)識的單詞詞組或句子。很多情況下，正確答案直接對應(yīng)語義考查詞句的上下句。

　　如2011年12月的語義題：

　　63. What does the author mean by saying "money is known ... to bring a relationship to its knees"(Line 1, Para. 2)?

　　A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

　　B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

　　C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.

　　D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

　　Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money.

　　解析：同學(xué)做這道題完全不需要理解"money is known ... to bring a relationship to its knees"這句話本身。就從上下句來看。同學(xué)記住，所謂上下句，并不是上下句都一定要看，而是去看上下和該句有關(guān)系的句子。從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看，很明顯，語義考點(diǎn)在該段第一句，后面的句子肯定要支撐前面的信息。所以重點(diǎn)看后面信息即可。For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money.

　　簡單閱讀后文，易得正確答案D選項(xiàng)，Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.答案中Disputes over money對應(yīng)原文concerns about money，答案中ruin a relationship對應(yīng)22% said they were arguing more with their partners.

　　2.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

　　這是也是做語義猜詞的一大利器。因?yàn)橛刹⒘修D(zhuǎn)折連接的兩部分會存在語義含義和成分的對應(yīng)。所以如果有一個單詞不認(rèn)識，就可以去看其并列或轉(zhuǎn)折部分的信息中找對應(yīng)信息。試舉一例：

　　Foreign students earn 30% of doctoral degree awarded in the United States and 38% of those in the United Kingdom.

　　該句中and后面的those應(yīng)該如何理解。同學(xué)從并列關(guān)系連接的兩部分中易得出，百分比對應(yīng)百分比，in the United States對應(yīng)in the United Kingdom，所以those指的就是doctoral degree.

　　3.解釋說明部分

　　其實(shí)考官在出一些語義題的時候也是動了惻隱之心的。會在晦澀難懂信息的附近存在一個解釋說明部分。解釋說明部分的標(biāo)志是逗號，冒號，破折號，雙引號。

　　舉例08年12月的真題：

　　原文：Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.

　　What does Dr. Ross Carmill mean by “the ostrich approach”?

　　A.A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.

　　B.A new therapy for certain psychological problem.

　　C.Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.

　　D.unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear

　　解析：原文中的the ostrich approach同學(xué)不理解完全不影響解題。后面的雙引號是非常明顯的解釋說明，直接通過該句比較選項(xiàng)即可。正確答案D, unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear。選項(xiàng)中的unwillingness to find out對應(yīng)原文中的would rather not know，選項(xiàng)中的fear對應(yīng)文章中的scared。

　　另外，語義題排除選項(xiàng)還有兩個技巧。

　　1.排除字面解釋。

　　2.排除跨度選項(xiàng)。

　　分別解釋：

　　排除字面解釋。

　　語義題考的就是同學(xué)能不能結(jié)合文章其他信息來理解不認(rèn)識的詞句，所以正確答案絕對不能是語義考查詞句的字面解釋。

　　以2010年6月的語義題為例：

　　64. What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?

　　A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.

　　B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.

　　C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.

　　D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

　　原文：research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults.

　　解析：這道題即使同學(xué)讀不懂原文，也應(yīng)知道，這題you're just underlining his faults，肯定和字面解釋，“錯誤”無關(guān)。所以A選項(xiàng)的mistake，B選項(xiàng)的error和D選項(xiàng)的fault都揭示了此三個選項(xiàng)出局的命運(yùn)。正確答案C，絕對不是字面本身的意思，要有一個引申含義。

　　排除跨度選項(xiàng)。

　　以2006年12月題目為例：

　　59.The “fancier brands” (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to ________.

　　A) tap water from the Thames River

　　B) famous wines not sold in ordinary stores

　　C) PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani

　　D) expensive bottled water with impressive names

　　(D)

　　該題涉及原文信息：

　　But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.

　　Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.

　　As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.

　　此題A,C兩個選項(xiàng)可以排除。因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)中的thames river和C選項(xiàng)的PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani分別是上上段和上段中的例子內(nèi)容，很難和本題考點(diǎn)詞產(chǎn)生任何邏輯和語義關(guān)系。所以這種的跨段選項(xiàng)，排除。

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