2013年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法講解大全（11）

　　狀語(yǔ)從句

　　狀語(yǔ)從句就是充當(dāng)句子狀語(yǔ)的從句，它可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、比較、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件和讓步等從句。

　　1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　1)常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有as, when, whenever, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than …等。如：

　　He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.

　　Jack had scarcely / hardly seen me when he left the room.

　　2) 某些表示時(shí)間的副詞、名詞短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, each / every time, next time, the first / second / last time, by the time等，如：

　　Directly I received your letter, I came back at once.

　　2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

　　地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由where, wherever, everywhere和anywhere引導(dǎo)。如：

　　Wherever he went, he was warmly welcomed.

　　3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

　　原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that, considering that, now that … but that, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that等引導(dǎo)。如：

　　As it is raining, let’s stay at home.

　　A gas differs from liquid in that it has no definite shape.

　　4. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

　　結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so … that, such … that, so that, such that, so, that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that, with the result that等引導(dǎo)。

　　The shock was such that she was almost driven mad.

　　The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the house.

　　注：so和such位于句首時(shí)，主句需用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如：

　　So fierce was their dog that no one dared come near.

　　5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句

　　目的狀語(yǔ)從句常由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等引導(dǎo)。從句謂語(yǔ)常由“can / could, may / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時(shí)也用“shall / should, will / would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　We left early so that we could catch the first train.

　　He ran away lest he (should) be caught.

　　6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if, unless, only if(只要), if only(但愿), when(如果), suppose / supposing(假如), as / so long as(只要), given that(假設(shè)), provided / providing that(假如), granted / granting (that)(假定), on condition that(條件是……)等引導(dǎo)。如：

　　I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.

　　注：若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

　　If you are free tomorrow, I will go to see you.

　　但如果從句表示的是主語(yǔ)的意志、志愿或以you作主語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，則用will, would。如：I’d be very glad if you would come. 如果你肯來(lái)我會(huì)非常高興。

　　7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由as, though, although, even if / though, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whether … or …, no matter + wh-詞, be, while, granted that, for all that等引導(dǎo)。如：

　　While / Although he has some shortcomings, he also has some good points.

　　Be it rain or shine, I must go.

　　注：as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，as必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，though可用也可不用倒裝。這種倒裝通常是把從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首。如：

　　Selfish as / though he is, he is not without merits. 盡管他自私，但不是沒(méi)有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句

　　方式狀語(yǔ)從句由as, as if / though, the way, how, as … as, not so / as … as, just as (… so)等引導(dǎo)。如：

　　It looks as if / as though it is going to rain.

　　Do it the way (that) you were told.

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