記敘文的思路與練習(xí)
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間?
地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化?
人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?
事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。
When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
參考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early， and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen， shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park， breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.
When I arrived at the park， I found， to my surprise， that there were so many people there. Men and women， boys and girls， all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises， some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
I wandered around the park. To my delight， I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home， I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)(What was happening)，最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。
1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。
When：
Where：
Who：
What：
Why：
How：
參考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績(jī)的日子?周末?
Where：在大街上違章停車?在學(xué)校?在商場(chǎng)?在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳?
Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友?
What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級(jí)沒過?
Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦…
How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛…
想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東東挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
編輯推薦：
| 北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 | 山東 |
| 安徽 | 浙江 | 江西 | 福建 | 深圳 |
| 廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
| 海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
| 貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
| 寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
| 黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |
